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Genetics
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gregor Mendel | Known as the father of genetics. |
| Trait | Any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring. |
| Heredity | The passing of traits from parent to offspring. |
| Genetics | The study of heredity. |
| Alleles | The different forms of a gene. |
| Dominant | The stronger of the two genes expressed in the hybrid. Represented by a capital letter. |
| Recessive | The allele that shows up less often in a cross. Represented by a lowercase letter. |
| Homozygous Genotype | The gene combination involving 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles. Also called pure. RR or rr |
| Heterozygous Genotype | The gene combination of one dominant and one recessive allele. Also called the hybrid. Rr |
| Homozygous dominant | RR |
| Homozygous recessive | tt |
| Genotype | The gene combination for a trait. |
| Phenotype | The physical feature resulting from a genotype. |
| Principle of Segregation | States that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other. |
| Principle of Independent Assortment | States that alleles of different traits are distributed to sex cells independently of one another during gamete formation. |
| Monohybrid cross | Cross involving a single trait. |
| Dihybrid cross | Cross involving two traits. |
| Punnett Square | Used to help solved genetics problems. Shows probability. |
| Parental Generation or P1 Generation | The parental generation in a breeding experiment. |
| F1 Generation | The first-generation offspring in a breeding experiment. |
| F2 Generation | The second-generation offspring in a breeding experiment. |
| Incomplete Dominance | An individual displays a trait that is intermediate between the two parents. |
| Codominance | Two alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals. |
| Sex-linked Traits | Traits (genes) that are located on the sex chromosomes. |
| Family Pedigrees | Shows how a certain trait is passed down within a family. |
| Carrier for a trait | Carries the allele for a specific phenotype but does not actually express the phenotype. |
| Hemophilia | Recessive genetic disorder that impairs the blood's ability to clot. |
| Huntington's Disease | Caused by a dominant allele located on an autosome, starts with mild forgetfulness and irritability, eventual loss of muscle control, uncontrollable physical spasms, severe mental illness, and eventual death. |
| Sickle Cell Anemia | Recessive genetic disorder in which the blood cells have a sickle shape and can easily rupture and get stuck in blood vessels. |
| Cystic Fibrosis | Recessive genetic disorder in which symptoms include clogging of the airways with thick mucus, and it also blocks the ducts of the liver and pancreas. |
Created by:
jphokie05
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