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Geology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fossil | the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock. |
| Index Fossil | a fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found. |
| Permineralized remains | Permineralization is a process of fossilization in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms. Carried by water, these minerals fill the spaces within organic tissue. |
| Molds & Casts | The "shell" of the organism is filled with various inorganic materials such as sediment or crystals; when the shell dissolves, it leaves an impression of the interior surface of the shells. |
| Original Remains | The evidence in rock of the presence of a plant or an animal from an earlier geological period. |
| Trace Fossils | a fossil of a footprint, trail, burrow, or other trace of an animal rather than of the animal itself. |
| Relative Age | The geologic age of a fossil organism, rock, or geologic feature or event defined relative to other organisms, rocks, or features or events rather than in terms of years. |
| Superposition | Superposition is a principle of quantum theory that describes a challenging concept about the nature and behavior of matter and forces at the sub-atomic level. |
| Horizontality | Layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity . |
| Absolute Age | Absolute age is the true age of a rock or fossil. |
| Half-Life | The time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value. |
| Isotopes | each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties. |
| Radioactive Decay | The spontaneous transformation of an unstable atomic nucleus into a lighter one, in which radiation is released in the form of alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and other particles. |
| Geologic Time | The geological time scale (GTS) is a system of chronological measurement that relates stratigraphy to time. |
| Eon | an indefinite and very long period of time, often a period exaggerated for humorous or rhetorical effect. |
| Era | a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic. |
| Period | a length or portion of time. |
| Epoch | a period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics. |
| Pangaea | Pangaea is a hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses. |
| Trilobite | an extinct marine arthropod that occurred abundantly during the Paleozoic era, with a carapace over the forepart, and a segmented hind part divided longitudinally into three lobes. |
| Precambrian | of, relating to, or denoting the earliest eon, preceding the Cambrian period and the Phanerozoic eon. |
| Mesozoic Era | The Mesozoic Era includes the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous Periods and is characterized by the development of flying reptiles, birds, and flowering plants and by the appearance and extinction of dinosaurs. |
| Cenozoic Era | The Cenozoic Era is characterized by the formation of modern continents and the diversification of mammals and plants. Grasses also evolved during the Cenozoic. |
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