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Bio. Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heredity | The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| Trait | A genetically determined variant of a characteristic |
| Pollination | The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structures to the tip of a female reproductive structure of a flower in angiosperms or to the ovule in gymnosperms |
| Cross-Pollination | A reproductive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant |
| True-Breeding | Describes the allele that's fully expressed when carried by only one of a pair of homologous chromosomes |
| Recessive | Describes a trait or an allele that's expressed only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited |
| Law of Segregation | Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete |
| Law of Independent Assortment | The law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis |
| Allele | One of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic |
| Genotype | The entire genetic makeup of an organism |
| Phenotype | An organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organism's genotype and the environment |
| Homozygous | Describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes |
| Heterozygous | Describes an individual that has two different alleles for a trait |
| Probability | The likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event |
| Mono-hybrid Cross | A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
| Punnet Square | A graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross |
| Genotypic Ratio | The ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring |
| Phenotypic Ratio | The ratio of phenotypes produced by a cross |
| Test-cross | The crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype |
| Incomplete Dominance | A condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's two parents because the dominate allele is unable to express itself fully |
| Codominace | A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed |
| Di-hybrid Cross | A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene |
| Anther | In flowering plants, the tip of a stamen, which contains the pollen sacs where grains form |
| Stigma | The expanded apex of a pistil, supported by the style |
| Molecular Genetics | The study of the structure of nucleic acids and the function and regulation of genes |
| Carrier | An individual who has one copy of a recessive autosomal allele that causes disease in the homozygous condition |
| Sex-linked Inheritance | A trait that's coded for by an allele an on a sex chromosome |
Created by:
archergirl
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