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Science Study Guide

Atmosphere Test Study Guide

QuestionAnswer
What happens to air pressure as altitude increases? Air pressure decreases.
What are auroras and where are they found? Auroras are ions traveling through the ionosphere. Ionosphere/thermosphere.
What is the ozone layer? Where is it found? What does it protect us from? A layer of oxygen. Stratosphere. The ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful UV radiation.
What are the 3 main gases distributed in air? USE PERCENTAGES! Nitrogen 78%, Oxygen 21% Carbon Dioxide less than 1%
List the layers of the atmosphere starting from sea level. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.
What is another name for the distance above sea level? Elevation and Altitude
What property are the layers of the atmosphere based on? Temperature.
How does temperature change as you move through the layers of the atmosphere? Though troposphere temperature decreases.
What is the atmosphere? The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth.
What is significant about the troposphere? It has the most oxygen and air molecules for us to breathe. Weather.
What is significant about the mesosphere? It is the coldest layer. Meteors burn up.
Air has mass because it has __________ and _________. Pressure And density.
Where are satellites found? Exosphere.
Explain the three transfers of heat. Radiation is the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves. Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through a material. Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas.
What is the greenhouse effect? The greenhouse effect is the process by which gases in the atmosphere, such as water vapor and carbon dioxide, absorb thermal energy and radiate it back to Earth.
How is most of the heat transferred on Earth? Convection.
Describe the movement of convection currents. The cycle of warm air rising and cool air sinking causes a circular movement of air.
What causes global warming? Scientists have hypothesized that an increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere may be the cause of this warming trend.
Explain the Coriolis Effect. The apparent curving of the path of winds and ocean currents due to the Earth’s rotation is called the Coriolis effect.
How are all winds created? Wind is caused by differences in air pressure.
How are global winds formed? Differences in air pressure due to unequal.
List the 3 global winds and the 2 calm areas. Westerlies (US), Polar Easterlies, and Trade Winds. The 2 calm areas are Doldrums and Horse Latitudes.
What are some differences between global and local winds? Global long distances. Local short.
How are mtn. and valley breezes different? Mountain Breeze: Day Valley Breeze: Night
Describe the properties of warm and cool air. Warm air: Rises Cool air: Sinks
How does air move at equator and poles? Why? Sunlight hits most direct at equator so warm air moves away from equator to poles.
Land breeze: Night or day? Local or global? Where does breeze come from? Describe air movement Land Breeze: Night. Local. Land/Mountain. Warm air rises over the water and cools off over land.
Sea breeze: Night or day? Local or global? Where does breeze come from? Describe air movement. Sea Breeze Day. Local. Ocean. Warm air rises over the land and cools off over the sea.
Which direction do winds move in the northern hemisphere? East to West. Clockwise.
Describe jet streams. The jet streams are narrow belts of high-speed winds that blow in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
What parts of the earth cools off faster and heats up faster? Land.
Created by: Megan McGlathery
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