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Musculoskeletal 12
The Musculoskeletal System 12 LPN
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Born with | around 350 bones |
| 206 | bones by adulthood |
| Bones | will grow together to form one bone |
| Bones work with | joints |
| cartilage | hard connective tissue found at the end of bones, tip of nose, larynx, and trachea |
| ligament | band of connective tissue that connects a bone to another bone |
| tendon | fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to muscle |
| Functions | Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral Storage |
| Hematopoesis | Blood Cells Form Done in red bone morrow of some bones |
| Bone Tissue | Compact Bones, Spongy Bones |
| An organ that has their own blood supply, lymph vessels and nerves | Bones |
| Compact Bones | Dense and Hard |
| Compact Bones | makes up shaft of long bones and outer layer of other bones |
| Spongy Bones | Have more spaces than compact bones |
| Spongy Bones | made up with mesh - like material filled with bone marrow. Found at the end of long ones and center of other bones |
| Red Marrow | Produces Red Blood Cells |
| Yellow Marrow | Found mainly in center of long bones, Comprised of fat |
| osteoblasts | bone producing cells, these cells also help repair bones. |
| osteocytes | cells that maintain existing bone. |
| osteoclasts | responsible for bone tissue re-absorption, necessary for bone repair, during growth, and after injury |
| Long Bones | ex. Humerous |
| short bones | ex. carpals |
| flat bones | ex. skull |
| irregular | ex. vertebrae |
| Diaphysis | long shaft, found in skeletal bones of arms and legs |
| Medullary cavity | center of diaphysis, contains bone marrow |
| Epipysis | irregular ends of bones |
| Epipyseal Line | growth occurs here. When this seals, growth stops. Drs. use this as a guide to determine if children are going to grow anymore. |
| Joints | hold bones together, allows movement |
| Hyoid Bone | Only bone in body not connected |
| Synarthrosis (Fibrous) | Held together by fibrous tissue, no movement (sutures of skull) |
| Amphilathroses (cartilaginous) | connected by cartilage, joint has slight movement, pelvis, joints between vertebrae |
| Diaphroses (synovial) | have space, joint cavity, with synovial fluid. Joints that permit movement in 1,2 or many directions, wrist, ankle, fingers, elbow, hip |
| Axial Center or Axis Bones | skull, Spine, Chest, Hyoid |
| Cranium | chamber that encloses the brain |
| 8 Cranial Bones | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid |
| Facial Bones | make up face, orbits and sinuses |
| 8 Facial Bones | mandible, maxillae, zygomatic, nasal bones, lacrimal, vomer, palentine, inferior nasal conchae |
| Vertebral Column | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx |
| Vertebral Column | bony sheath that protects spinal column |
| Vertebrae | drum shaped body, serves as weight bearing structure. |
| acts as shock absorbers and provides flexibility | discs and cartilage between vertebrae |
| Spinous Process | projections from the bony arch that encircles the spinal cord |
| Foramen | hole in center of vertebrae |
| Thorax | 12 pairs of ribs, 1-7 true ribs, 8-10 false ribs, 11-12 floating ribs |
| Smooth Muscles | Make up walls of organs, Involuntary and have single, central nucleus. contract in response to nerve impulse, hormone stimulation, stretching or other stimuli |
| Cardiac Muscles | Stiated, involuntary, one nucleus. Electrical impulses, hormones, nervous system produce contractions |
| Skeletal Muscles | striated, multiple nuclei, attach to bones and produce movement at joints |
| Functions of Muscles | Movement of skeleton, maintain posture, generation of heat - natural by product of muscle cell metabolism |
| Individual muscle fibers are surrounded by connective tissue called | endomysium |
| Each bundle of muscle (fascia) is covered with more connective tissue called | permysium |
| Entire muscle is then covered by more connective tissue called | epimysium |
| Skeletal muscle fibers are stimulated by nerve impulses from | CNS |
| Neuromuscular Junction | contact point where nerve and muscle meet (Don't actually touch - synapse) |
| Contractility | ability of muscles to shorten and change shape. |
| Contractions promote | posture and produce heat |
| Muscles have threads that contain proteins called | actin and myosin |
| Actin | light and thin threads |
| Myosin | thick and dark threads |
| Overlapping threads slide together, the muscles contracts and they become | shorter |
| For muscles to contract they also need | ATP and Calcium |
| ATP | energy |
| Isotonic | tone or tension remains same, but muscle shortens with movement (lifting weights, running, walking) |
| Isometric | No change in muscle length, but there is an increase in muscle tension (gluteal squeezes, pressing palms together) |
| Origin | less movable part of attachment |
| Insertion | action part of the muscle |
Created by:
Myssi76
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