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Micro-Life Unit Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are four ways in which diseases are caused? | Heredity, environment, lifestyle, germs |
| What does the term infectious mean? | cause by germs, easily spread |
| If an infectious disease is spreading through a population, what initially happens to the number of people infected? | In the beginning it increases. |
| Give three examples of an infectious disease. | Influenza, common cold, chicken pox |
| Give three examples of disease that are not infectious. | Cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's, pellagra, color blindness, |
| Define Epidemiologist. | A scientist that studies the path in which a disease spreads and ways to prevent it. |
| Define a vector and give three examples. | An organism that carries a disease causing germ and spreads it to a human without getting sick itself. Examples: mosquitos, ticks, fleas, and tse tse fly |
| Explain what it means to quarantine. | Isolate an infected person to prevent the spread of disease to healthy people. |
| What are some trade-offs to quarantining and not quarantining? | To Quarantine: miss work/school, miss friends and family/lonely, cost Not to Quarantine: disease will spread, cost of treatment, shortage of medication |
| What does the cell theory state? | All living things are made of cells, all cells arise from cells, and cell is the basic unit of structure of a living organism. |
| What does the Germ Theory of Disease state? | Microbes cause disease. |
| Define multicellular. | Organisms that are made up of more than one cell. |
| Define Cellular Respiration. | The process in which cells will exchange gas to break down sugar/nutrients to produce useable energy. |
| What are two things that enter the cell for cellular respiration? | Food and oxygen. |
| How do they get into the cell? | Enters through the cell membrane. |
| Why are cells small? | Small cells as a group have more membrane surface area. This allows to take in more oxygen and nutrients all at once and fortify the organism faster. |
| What is the purpose of the cell membrane? | The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell, to protect the cell from outside environment, to separate the cell from one another, holds the inside structures together. |
| Put the following terms in order from smallest to largest. organelles, organ, organism, organ system, cells, tissue | Organelles, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| It is often said that the shape of a cell is related to their job | red blood cell-concave: To increase the membrane surface area to absorb more oxygen, white blood cells- ruffles on the membrane allows it to crawl and attach itself to the walls of the vain and find germs and kill them |
| Where is the genetic material in an animal cell found? | In the nucleus. |
| What are four structures that a plant and animal cell have in common? | Cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, nuclear membrane |
| What are two structures that a plant cell has that an animal cell does not? | Cell wall, chloroplast |
| What gives the plant cell structure and support? | Cell wall |
| Define microbe. Give some examples. | Living organism too small to see without a microscope. They are microscopic during their entire life time. Examples: bacteria, paramecium, fungi, mold, algae |
| What are the main categories of microbes? | Virus, bacteria, protist |
| Classification of unknown organisms is based mostly on what? | structure |
| List the three types of microbes in order from smallest to largest. | Virus, bacteria, protist |
| Where can we find bacteria? | Everywhere |
| Give three characteristics of bacteria. | No nucleus, cell wall, grouped by shape |
| What are two differences between a bacteria and a human cell? | Bacteria doesn't have a nucleus and it has a cell wall. |
| Give three characteristics of a virus. | Non-living, genetic material not in nucleus, smallest (not cell) |
| Give two differences between a virus and a bacteria. | Virus isn't living and bacteria has a cell wall and is living. |
| Give three examples of protists you viewed under the microscope. | Amoeba, paramecium, euglena |
| What is the function of a white blood cell? | Defends body against foreign invaders. |
| What is the function of a red blood cell? | Carries oxygen to all cells of the body. |
| What are the four types of blood? | A, B, AB, O |
| What happens when you are given an incompatible blood type? | Clumps (clotting) |
| What causes this to happen? | The white blood cells attack it. |
| What are some of the first defenses our bodies use to fight off infection? | Skin, mucus, saliva, tears |
| Explain what a vaccine is and how it works. | Dead or weakened form or part of a microbe; lets body form immunities to a disease to prevent disease. |
| What are vaccines used for? | To prevent diseases. |
| What type of microbe does an antibiotic such as penicillin kill? | Bacteria |
| Who first discovered penicillin? | Alexander Fleming |
| What is the purpose of a microscope? | Observe items too small to be seen with eyes. |
| Explain the proper way to focus a microscope. | Slide on the stage-low power-move stage away from object with coarse adjustment knob. |
| Explain the proper way to carry a microscope. | One hand on the handle and one hand on the base. |
| Explain how you determine the magnification of your specimen. | Multiply the eye piece (10x) by the objective (10x or 40x) to get total magnification. |
Created by:
AJudith
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