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U2 AP Biology

The Cell

QuestionAnswerQuestionAnswerQuestionAnswerQuestionAnswer
A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea. prokaryotic cell What is the first step in protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells Transfer of info from DNA to messenger RNA What are the 4 types of transport Diffusion, Osmosis, FacilitatedDiffusion, Active transport The main function of cellular respiration is Making ATP to power cell activities
What organelle contains catalase Peroxisome Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion Lysosome What structures cannot be found in prokaryotic cells mitochondria What does it mean when the membrane is referred to as a "fluid mosaic" structure Fluid is phospholipids and the mosaic is protein
What is the genetic center of the cell the nucleus What is the primary role of anchoring junctions To bind animal cells together What is the function of the nucleolus provide materials for the synthesis of ribosomes Passive transport requires no ATP input True
What are the primary sites of protein production in a living cell ribosomes The _____ is composed of DNA and protein Chromatin Most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is in the nucleus What molecule is most likely to diffuse freely across the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane without the involvement of a transport protein Carbon Dioxide
Which of the following is stored in the lysosomes of the cell Digestive enzymes What is involved in the manufacture of membrane rough endoplasmic reticulum Chloroplasts are found in plant cells only If materials readily cross the lipid portion of a cell membrane they are typically Non-polar and uncharged
What is the function of chloroplast Convert light energy to chemical energy Where is calcium stored smooth endoplasmic reticulum The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called Diffusion What is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane Osmosis
Mitochondria are found in both plant cells and animal cells What is the role of microtubules hollow rods that shape and support the cell What is it called if the volume of a cell increases when it is placed in an aqueous solution Hypotonic What term refers to the intake of very large particles by cells Phagocytosis
What is the movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient with the help of energy input and specific transport proteins Active transport The cellular secretion of macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane is called Exocytosis What is the currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of individually inserted protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids Fluid mosaic model The sodium-potassium pump is an example of Active transport
The result of the operation of an electrogenic pump would be Voltage difference across the membrane What enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific kind of molecule Receptor-mediated endocytosis The cellular uptake of macromolecules and particulate substances by localized regions of the plasma membrane that surround the substance and pinch off to form an intracellular vesicle is called Endocytosis List the stages of cellular respiration Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC
What is produced in the overall process of cellular respiration Glucose and carbon dioxide Where do the electrons stripped from glucose in cellular respiration end up in Water In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is a series of electron carrier molecules embedded in which organelle Mitochondria What is the name of the process in which pyruvate is converted to lactate Fermentation
How many NADH are produced by glycolysis 2 In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by Substrate-level phosphorylation In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation ATP By what process does pyruvate enter a mitochondrion Diffusion
What is the final electron acceptor of cellular respiration Oxygen In electron transport where is energy from that is used is used to pump hydrogen ions into the FADH2 NADH When is a molecule oxidized Loses an electron What is oxidized and reduced in cellular respiration Glucose and Oxygen
Where does most of the ATP come from that is produced in cellular respiration Chemiosmosis What is the process when electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step Electron Transport Chain In the following reaction C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O what is being reduced Oxygen What is the principal hydrogen-atom-carrier molecules in cells composed of Nucleotides
Where does most of the ATP come from that is produced in cellular respiration Chemiosmosis What is the process when electrons pass from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step Electron Transport Chain In the following reaction C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O what is being reduced Oxygen What is the principal hydrogen-atom-carrier molecules in cells composed of Nucleotides
What form of life gets their energy from eating others Heterotrophs What form of life produces their own energy Autotrophs Where are the photosynthetic membranes found in plant cells Chloroplasts Photosynthesis is an __________ process of carbon __________ Endergonic, Reduction
What form of life gets their energy from eating others Heterotrophs What form of life produces their own energy Autotrophs Where are the photosynthetic membranes found in plant cells Chloroplasts Photosynthesis is an __________ process of carbon __________ Endergonic, Reduction
What form of life gets their energy from eating others Heterotrophs What form of life produces their own energy Autotrophs Where are the photosynthetic membranes found in plant cells Chloroplasts Photosynthesis is an __________ process of carbon __________ Endergonic, Reduction
What form of life gets their energy from eating others Heterotrophs What form of life produces their own energy Autotrophs Where are the photosynthetic membranes found in plant cells Chloroplasts Photosynthesis is an __________ process of carbon __________ Endergonic, Reduction
Respiration is an __________ process of carbon __________ Exergonic ,Oxidation What is produced by the light reactions of photosynthesis and consumed by the Calvin cycle NADPH What is the overall function of the Calvin Cycle To make sugar In photosynthesis, what do plants use carbon from to make sugar and other organic molecules carbon dioxide
How does carbon dioxide enter the leaf Stomata In which part of the chloroplast are chlorophyll molecules located grana stacks What characteristics do plants and photosynthetic prokaryotes have in common Both have thylakoid membranes What is the most important role of pigments in photosynthesis capture light energy
What occurs when chloroplast pigments absorb light electrons become excited The process by which an enzyme in C3 plants first captures CO2 to begin the Calvin cycle is called Rubisco Where do the electrons needed by photosystem II originate Water Where does the oxygen atoms present in Carbon Dioxide end up during photosynthesis sugar molecules and in water
ETC is used to during photosynthesis to do what transport electrons from PS II to PS I Where does the photosynthetic event known as the Calvin cycle occur Stroma The Calvin cycle depends on products of the light reactions True Why is NADP+ needed in photosynthesis It forms NADPH which is used in the Calvin cycle.
A substance that acts at a distance from the site at which it is secreted is called Hormone What term is used for any small molecule that can bind to a larger one Ligand What are the two most common second messengers Calcium ion and cyclic AMP Thyroid hormones bind to _____ receptors Intracellular
Where are calcium ions that act as second messengers stored Endoplasmic reticula A protein kinase activating many other protein kinases is an example of what process Amplification What is activated when the binding of single molecules causes it to form a dimer Tyrosine-kinase receptors When is a G protein active When GTP is bound to it
These receptors can be membrane bound or found within the cytosol Signal receptors What event would activate a G protein Replacement of GDP with GTP What is the name for an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein Protein Kinase Phosphorylation can either activate or inactivate a protein True
What is the source of phosphate for a phosphorylation cascade ATP In a typical cell, where is the calcium ion concentrated The endoplasmic reticulum Cyclic AMP usually directly activates what Protein Kinase A What term describes material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells, important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center Centrosome
What term is used to describe the complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome Chromatin A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids does it contain altogether 92 Sites at which microtubules attach to chromosomes Kinetochores During what phase do cell grows and replicate both its organelles and its chromosomes Interphase
Nucleoli are present during the Interphase True At what phase do chromosomes become visible Prophase What stage do centromeres divide and sister chromosomes become full-fledged chromosomes Anaphase A human somatic cell contains _____ chromosomes 46
which human cells would you not see dividing Nerve cell The complex of DNA and protein that makes up a chromosome is properly called Chromatin What is the region of a chromosome holding the two double strands of replicated DNA together Centromere What is the division of the cell outside the nuclear material Cytokinesis
What term is used to describe identical copies of each other if they are part of the same chromosome Chromatids Where does DNA replication occur S phase of Interphase in both somatic and reproductive cells Chromatids form during what phase During the S phase What phase of mitosis is essentially the opposite of prometaphase in terms of the nuclear envelope Telophase
During what phase in the cell cycle would you find the most DNA per cell G2 At which point in the cell cycle do Centrosome begin to move apart to two poles of the cell in a dividing human liver cell Prophase Sister chromatids separate during what phase Anaphase When do the cleavage furrow forms in animal cell mitosis Cytokinesis
Which stage of mitosis are chromosomes lined up in one plane in preparation for their separation to opposite poles of the cell Metaphase During binary fission in a bacterium the origins of replication move apart True
Created by: kendrag
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