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Earth Science
E.S. Chapter 11 Sections 1-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Deformation | ___________ is any change in the original shape and/ or size of a rock body |
| Ductile deformation | _______ ___________ is a type of solid- state flow that produces a change in size and shape of an object without fracturing the object |
| Tensional | _________ stress is called by rocks being pulled in opposite directions |
| Shear | _____ stress causes a body of rock to be distorted |
| Isostasy | the concept that Earth's crust is floating in gravitional balance upon the material of the mantle |
| anticline | a fold in sedimentary strata resembling an arch |
| syncline | a linear downfold in sedimentary strata |
| normal | A ______ fault occurs when the hanging wall block moves down relative to the footwall block. |
| tensional stress | Normal faults are caused by _________ _____ |
| reverse | A _______ fault is a fault in which the hanging wall block moves up relative to a footwall block |
| thrust | ______ faults are reverse faults with dips of less than 45° |
| Strike- slip faults | Faults in which the movement is horizontal and parallel to the trend, or strike, of the fault surface are called _____ ____ ______ |
| shear stress | strike- slip faults are caused by _____ ______ |
| orogenesis | Geologists refer to the collection of processes involved in mountain building as __________ |
| Volcanic | ________ mountains form along plate boundaries and at hot spots |
| Compressional | _____________ stress is the major factor that forms folded mountains |
| Fault- block | _____ _____ mountains form as large blocks of crust are uplifted and tilted along normal faults |
| graben | As the crust is stretched, a block called a ______, which is bounded by normal faults, drops down |
| horsts | Grabens produce an elongated valley bordered by relatively uplifted structures called ______ |
| plateau | A _______ is a landform with a relatively high elevation and more- or- less level surface |
| basins | Downwarped structures that have roughly circular shape are called ______ |
| convergent | Most mountain building occurs at __________ plate boundaries |
| volcanic mountains | The convergence of two oceanic plates mainly produce ________ _________ |
| volcanic; folded | The convergence of an oceanic plate and a continental plate produces _______ mountains and ______ mountains |
| folded | At a convergent boundary, a collision between two plates carrying continental crust will form ______ mountains |
| Fault- block mountains | The mountains that form along ocean ridges at divergent plate boundaries are _____ _____ _________ |
| accretion | The _________ process that occurs when crustal fragments collide with and stay connected to a continental plate |
| terrane | A _______ is any crustal fragment that has a geologic history distinct from that of the adjoining terranes |
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VickieJ10
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