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Macromolecules Vocab
J. Sills chemistry and organic vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| element | substance that cannot be broken down any smaller |
| compound/molecule | combination of two or more elements |
| acid | pH below 7 |
| base | pH above 7 |
| organic | contains carbon |
| inorganic | does not contain carbon |
| carbohydrate | organic macromolecule used for energy and structure |
| monosaccharide | simple sugar; building block of carbohydrates |
| sugar | carbohydrate; used for energy |
| starch | stored sugar in plants; type of carbohydrate |
| protein | organic macromolecule that controls cell reactions and activities; makes up hair, nails, muscles, etc. |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| enzymes | catalysts; type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions; zoom! zoom! |
| lipid | organic macromolecule that acts as stored energy; forms cell membranes; acts as insulation and protection |
| fatty acid | building block of lipids |
| nucleic acid | organic macromolecule that is our genetic information and instructions; DNA and RNA |
| glycogen | stored sugar in animals |
| phospholipid | lipid that makes up cell membranes |
| nucleotides | building block of nucleic acids; contain sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base |
| glucose | simple sugar made by plants during photosynthesis; main energy sugar |
| cellulose | carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants |
| cholesterol | lipid important to brain function |
| catalyst | another term for enzyme; speeds up reactions |
| DNA | nucleic acid that contains genetic information and instructions |
| RNA | nucleic acid that makes proteins |
| homeostasis | maintaining balanced, stable internal conditions for survival |
| monomer | a building block or puzzle piece; like a piece of a jigsaw puzzle |
| polymer | the completed product or puzzle; the completed jigsaw puzzle |
| protein | helps control cell reactions and build tissue in living organisms; made up of amino acids |
| polypeptide | a long chain of amino acids; another name for protein |
| peptide bond | the bond that holds amino acids together |
| vitamins | organic compounds needed in small amounts for proper growth and health |
| vitamin A | for vision, immune health, bone development; found in fish and carrots |
| vitamin C | for growth and repair of body tissues |
| vitamin D | health of teeth and bones; added to milk; only vitamin our bodies can make using sunlight |
| vitamin K | important for proper blood clotting. found in leafy green vegetables |
| minerals | inorganic compounds important to cell and body functioning |
| ATP | energy molecule made during cellular respiration |
| Macromolecule | Large organic molecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids |
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jsills
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