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8th- Galaxy,Sun,Star
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolute Magnitude | the measure of how bright a star would be if it were located 10 parsecs from Earth |
| Apparent Magnitude | the measure of how bright a star appears to be to an observer on Earth |
| Astronomical Unit | the average distance between the Earth and the Sun; about 150 million km |
| Auroras | when the gases in Earth’s atmosphere glow with different colors when excited by solar winds |
| Black Dwarf | the core of the star after it runs out of all energy and becomes cold |
| Black Hole | a large amount of mass left over from a supernova that has such a strong gravitational pull, everything near it gets pulled in; even light cannot escape its gravity |
| Brown Dwarf | failed star that is too small in mass to have fusion but too large to be considered a planet |
| Chromosphere | inner atmosphere of the sun that consists of a thick region of red glowing gas |
| Core | the center most area of a star that can reach temperatures up to 15 million ºC where thermonuclear fusion occurs |
| Corona | outer atmosphere of the sun that consists of a thin layer of gas; appears as a faint halo of light around the sun |
| Coronal Mass Ejections | eruptions of high energy particles that travel less than speed of light; takes hours to reach us |
| Galaxy | collection of stars, gas and dust; estimated to be 100 billion; grouped together in clusters, bound together by gravity |
| Elliptical Galaxy | spherical or egg-shaped galaxy usually red in color because they are generally older and colder; less gas and dust |
| Irregular Galaxy | galaxies without a well-defined shape; amount of gas and dust varies |
| Spiral Galaxy | pinwheel shaped galaxy with spiral bands protruding from the center; usually blue in color due to being younger and hotter; contains a lot of gas and dust |
| Geomagnetic Storms | electromagnetic storms influenced by solar wind that can affect our electrical systems |
| Gravity | an attractive force that holds the universe together |
| Interstellar Matter | clouds of gas and dust that is in between the stars; these clouds provide materials for new stars to form |
| Light Year | the distance that light travels in 1 year (5.9 trillion miles) |
| Magnetosphere | the protective magnetic field that surrounds Earth |
| Milky Way Galaxy | the spiral galaxy that we live in that contains more than 400 billion stars |
| Nebula | large amount of gas and dust spread out in space that is the precursor to stars |
| Neutron Star | the material left over in the core after a supernova occurs; extremely dense and small |
| Parallax | the apparent shift in one object’s position relative to another object caused by a change in the location of the observer |
| Parsec | a unit of measurement used to describe distances between celestial objects; equal to 3.258 light years |
| Photosphere | inner layer of the sun’s atmosphere made of Hydrogen gas that is visible to us |
| Protostar | early stage of a star’s life that is a spinning collection of gas and dusts that is contracting |
| Pulsars | a neutron star that gives off short bursts of radio waves |
| Quasar | galaxies with black holes in their center; recently discovered that the Milky Way Galaxy is a quasar |
| Red Giant | occurs when a star gets older and cooler; the Hydrogen atoms in the star begin to expand greatly |
| Solar Flares | hot gases that erupt from the surface of the sun sending ions and radiation into space towards Earth |
| Solar Maximum | the peak of an 11 year cycle in which the sun reverses its magnetic poles and an enormous amount of energy is released |
| Solar Minimum | the part of the solar cycle during which the sun releases the least amount of energy |
| Solar Prominence | streamers of hot gases arching above the photosphere that last for several hours but do not disrupt our communication |
| Solar Radiation Storms | storms rated from S1 to S5 that affect electrical systems, radio communications and can cause biological damage |
| Solar Wind | a continuous flow of electrons and protons from the sun into space that can affect Earth |
| Star | ball of gas and dust that is extremely hot and gives off massive amounts of energy due to nuclear fusion |
| Sun | a main sequence star that is the center of our solar system |
| Sunspots | dark, cooler areas on the surface of the sun that have strong magnetic activity and produce solar flares; usually last 2 weeks at a time and occur in 11 year cycles |
| Supernova | occurs when a red giant is too big and unstable which results in a huge explosion; only happens to large stars |
| Thermonuclear Fusion | the changing of one type of element into a new element due to extreme temperatures and pressure |
| Universe | everything physical that exists in space and time; consists of all matter and energy |
| White Dwarf | the white hot core of the star left behind after the outer parts expand so much they drift off into space |
Created by:
holtzmanscience
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