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A-D Vocab Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active Transport | The movement of molecules or ions against a concentration gradient (lower to higher concentration) and therefore requiring energy |
| Allele | One of the different forms in which a gene can occur. |
| Autosomal Chromosome | Any of the nonsex chromosomes |
| Carbon Fixation | The process of synthesizing sugars from carbon dioxide and water (Calvin cycle of photosynthesis) |
| Cell Cycle | The events in the life of a dividing cell consisting of G1, S, G2 and M phases. |
| Cell Wall | A structure in plant cells that surrounds the cell membrane, important for structure and protection. Also present in algae and certain bacteria |
| Cellular Respiration | The process in which carbon-rich sugar molecules react with oxygen to make useable energy for a cell. Occurs in heterotrophs and autotrophs |
| Chlorophyll | One of the photosynthetic pigments found in plant chloroplasts |
| Chloroplast | The structure in plants that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis |
| Chromatin | Numerous strands of DNA coiled and bunched together; the individual strands that make up chromosomes |
| Chromosome | Any of the tubelike bodies within the nucleus containing DNA and protein. Carry the genetic code for individuals. |
| Codominance | A situation in which both alleles express themselves in an organism that is heterozygous for a trait |
| Codon | A three-base sequence on mRNA that tRNA uses to provide the correct amino acid |
| Control Group | In an experiment, a group of subjects identical to the experimental subjects except that the control group is not exposed to the independent variable |
| Controlled Variable | The factor in an experiment that remains constant while the independent variable is manipulated |
| Crossing Over | The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I |
| Cytokinesis | The phase immediately following mitosis in which the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells. |
| cytoplasm | A combination of inorganic and organic substances outside the nucleus |
| Dependent Variable | The factor in an experiment that changes (or doesn't change) in response to the manipulated variable. It is sometimes called the responding variable. |
| cell theory | The idea that all living things are made of cells and that all cells come only from existing cells |
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