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bio vocab
chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| heterozygous | contrasting alleles |
| karyotype | a display or picture of all the chromosomes a cell's nucleus |
| homozygous | two identical alleles |
| human genome project | collaborative effort to map the entire human genetic sequence |
| gametes | sex cells ( egg & sperm ) |
| genome | the entire set of an organism's gene |
| recessive | the allele that is marked by another |
| hereditary | the passing of traits from parents to their offspring |
| probability | mathematical way to predict the results of simple genetic crosses |
| Punnett square | a chart used to show genetic crossing and probability |
| haploid | half the number of chromosomes, N |
| diploid | a full set of chromosome, 2N |
| dominant | allele that makes another alleles expression |
| Trisomy 21 | also known as down syndrome; results from having an extra copy of chromosomes 21; causes mental retardation. |
| somatic cells | cells found in the body; non-reproductive |
| alleles | one of a number of different forms of the same gene for a specific trait |
| meiosis | a process in which the number of chromosomes in a cell is reduced in haploid sperm or egg |
| genetic engineering | techniques used to alter an organism's DNA includes human growth hormone, insulin, and resistant fruits and vegetables |
| recombinant's | individuals with new combinations of genes |
| incomplete dominance | when an intermediate phenotype occurs, no dominant trait |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
| monohybrid | the crossing of one type of trait or factor |
| genetic disorder | disease caused by an abnormal gene |
| dihybrid | the crossing of two different factors |
| mutation | a change or mistake in the DNA sequence |
| inheritance | the process of passing traits from parents to offspring |
| phenotype | the physical characteristics of an organism |
| gene | segment of a chromosome that controls traits; contains the code for making a single protein |
| bio-information | information technology to store, collect, and retrieve genetic information; major studies in this field includes gene sequencing, genome assembly, prediction of gene expression |
| cancer | a disorder of cell growth that results in the invasion and destruction of surroundings healthy tissue by abnormal cells |
| DNA polymerase | differences between the DNA sequences of individuals |
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | process used to clone DNA sequence for further study or manipulation |
| zygote | a cell that resulted from the fusion of an egg and sperm; a fertilized cell |
| translocation | type of chromosomes mutation that occurs when a chromosome piece ends up on completely different nonhomologous chromosome |
| hybrid | offspring of a cross between parents that have different traits; a cross between individuals of different species, subspecies of varieties. |
Created by:
bolt
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