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Rock Cycle

TermDefinition
rock cycle The series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geologic processes.
Cooling the loss of heat
Crystallize the formation of crystals in igneous rock when magma cools
Solidify the physical change from a liquid to a solid
igneous rock Rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies.
intrusive igneous Rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the Earth’s surface.
extrusive igneous Rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth’s surface.
Weathering The natural process by which agents such as wind, rain and temperature changes disintegrate and decompose rock.
Erosion A process in which the minerals of Earth’s surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and transported from one place to another by a natural agent such as wind, water, ice or gravity.
Deposition the natural process where layers of material begin to accumulate
Sediment bits and pieces of broken rock
Compaction Process in which the volume of sediment is decreased by the weight of overlying sediments as a result of burial beneath other sediments
Cementation Process in which minerals fill the pore spaces between sediment grains and bind the sediments together to form rock.
Mineral A naturally-occurring inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition – the building blocks of all rocks
sedimentary rock a rock formed from the consolidation of sediment that has accumulated in layers
chemical sedimentary Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution or settle from a suspension.
clastic sedimentary Sedimentary rock that forms when fragments of preexisting rocks are compacted and cemented together
organic sedimentary Sedimentary rock that forms from the remains of plants and animals
heat Energy in a substance due to its high temperature
pressure the addition of force through pressing
metamorphic rock a rock that forms when an existing rock is altered through heat and pressure
foliation (foliated) Metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands.
Nonfoliated Metamorphic rock texture in which minerals grains are NOT arranged in planes or bands.
contact metamorphism A change in texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to contact with magma or extreme heat
regional metamorphism A change in texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to changes in temperature and pressure over a large area, generally as a result of tectonic forces
melting the physical change of a solid into a liquid
Created by: cbonnell81
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