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Minerals Vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cleavage | A sharp division; a split. |
| Crystal | A piece of a homogeneous solid substance having a natural geometrically regular form with symmetrically arranged plane faces. |
| Fracture | The cracking or breaking of a hard object or material. |
| Gem | A precious or semiprecious stone, especially when cut and polished or engraved. |
| Hardness | The quality or condition of being hard. |
| Luster | A gentle sheen or soft glow, especially that of a partly reflective surface. |
| Magma | Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling. |
| Mineral | A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence. |
| Ore | A naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be profitably extracted. |
| Silicate | A salt in which the anion contains both silicon and oxygen. |
| Specific Gravity | The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard, usually water for a liquid or solid, and air for a gas. |
| Streak | A long, thin line or mark of a different substance or color from its surroundings. |
| Basaltic | A dark, fine-grained, igneous rock consisting mostly of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, and sometimes olivine. |
| Cementation | The binding together of particles or other things by cement. |
| Compaction | Refers to the process by which a sediment progressively loses its porosity due to the effects of loading. |
| Extrusive | Relating to or denoting rock that has been extruded at the earth's surface as lava or other volcanic deposits. |
| Foliated | Consisting of thin sheets or laminae. |
| Granitic | A usually light-colored, coarse-grained igneous rock consisting mostly of quartz, orthoclase feldspar, sodium-rich plagioclase feldspar, and micas. |
| Igneous Rock | Is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. |
| Intrusive | Having been forced between preexisting rocks or rock layers while in a molten or plastic condition. |
| Lava | Hot molten or semi-fluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this. |
| Metamorphic Rock | Is a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure. |
| Non-Foliated | Metamorphic rocks are formed around igneous intrusions where the temperatures are high but the pressures are relatively low and equal in all directions. |
| Rock | The solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets, exposed on the surface or underlying the soil or oceans. |
| Rock-Cycle | an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, remelting, and further igneous intrusion. |
| Sediment | Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; dregs. |
| Sedimentary Rock | Are often deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils. |
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