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Unit 6 Vocabulary

Geological Time

TermDefinition
Amber Amber is fossilized tree resin (not sap), which has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects.
Fossil the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.
Cast an object made by shaping molten metal or similar material in a mold.
Index Fossil a fossil that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found.
Mold a hollow container used to give shape to molten or hot liquid material (such as wax or metal) when it cools and hardens.
Permineralization Permineralization is a process of fossilization in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms. Carried by water, these minerals fill the spaces within organic tissue.
Trace Fossil a fossil of a footprint, trail, burrow, or other trace of an animal rather than of the animal itself.
Cross-cutting relationships The principle of cross-cutting relationships states that an igneous intrusion is always younger than the rock it cuts across. ! Examine the igneous intrusion and the surrounding rock.
Geologic Time The geological time scale is a system of chronological measurement that relates stratigraphy to time, and is used by geologists, paleontologists, and other Earth scientists to describe the timing that has occurred throughout Earth's history.
Lateral contiunity The principle of lateral continuity states that layers of sediment initially extend laterally in all directions; in other words, they are laterally continuous.
Original horizontally The Principle of Original Horizontality states that layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity
Relative age Today there are two common practices for dating rocks and strata. The first is called absolute dating, where geologists use radioactive decay to determine the actual age of a rock. The second is by using relative dating techniques.
Superposition Superposition is a principle of quantum theory that describes a challenging concept about the nature and behavior of matter and forces at the sub-atomic level.
Uncomformity a surface of contact between two groups of unconformable strata.
Uniformitarianism the theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes.
Absolute Age Absolute age is the true age of a rock or fossil.
Half-life the time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value.
Ice Core An ice core is a core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheet
Isotope each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties
Radiometric dating a method of dating geological or archeological specimens by determining the relative proportions of particular radioactive isotopes present in a sample.
Differentiation the action or process of differentiating.
Outgassing release or give off (a substance) as a gas or vapor.
Supercontinent each of several large landmasses (notably Pangaea, Gondwana, and Laurasia) thought to have divided to form the present continents in the geological past.
Pangaea Pangaea is a hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses, believed to have been in existence before the continents broke apart during the Triassic and Jurassic Periods.
Orogeny a process in which a section of the earth's crust is folded and deformed by lateral compression to form a mountain range.
Evolution the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
Natural Selection the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
Created by: DylanMcCarty22
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