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U6 Geological time
Geology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amber | Fossilized tree sap. |
| Absolute Age | The actual age of a material in years. |
| Fossil | Any remains or trace of an ancient organism. |
| Cast | A mold filled with sediment and hardened to create a replica of the original fossil. |
| Cross-cutting relationships | One of Steno’s principles that states that an intrusion or fault is younger than the rocks that it cuts through. |
| Index Fossil | A fossil indicates the relative age of the rock in which it is found. Index fossils come from species that were widespread but existed for a relatively brief period of time. |
| Ice Core | Cylinder of ice extracted from a glacier or ice sheet. |
| Isotope | A chemical element that has a different number of neutrons. |
| Mold | An impression made in sediments by the hard parts of an organism. |
| Permineralization | Fossilization in which minerals in water deposit into empty spaces in an organism. |
| Pangaea | Pangaea is a hypothetical supercontinent that included all current land masses, believed to have been in existence before the continents broke apart during the Triassic and Jurassic Periods. |
| Trace Fossil | Evidence of the activity of an ancient organism; e.g. tracks, tubes, and bite marks. |
| Geologic Time | the succession of eras, periods, and epochs as considered in historical geology. |
| Lateral Continuity | A sedimentary rock layer that extends sideways as wide as the basin in which it forms. |
| Original Horizontality | Sedimentary layers that were deposited horizontally. |
| Outgassing | The transfer of gases from Earth’s mantle to the atmosphere by volcanic eruptions. |
| Orogeny | A mountain building event, usually taking place over tens or hundreds of millions of years. |
| Relative Age | The age of an object in comparison with the age of other objects. |
| Radiometric dating | Process of using the concentrations of radioactive substances and daughter products to estimate the age of a material. |
| Superposition | In a sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the oldest is at the bottom and the youngest is at the top. |
| Supercontinent | A collection of continents that have come together because of the plate tectonics processes. |
| Unconformity | A gap between rocks of very different ages. Unconformities are often marked by an erosional surface. |
| Uniformitarianism | Natural processes operated the same way throughout Earth’s history as they do today. |
| Half-Life | The amount of time required for half of the atoms of a radioactive substance to decay to the daughter product. |
| Differentiation | The separation of planetary materials by density to create distinctly different layers. |
| evolution | Change through time. The change in the genetic makeup of a population of organisms over time such that a new species is often the result. |
| Natural Selection | The mechanism for evolution. Natural processes favor some traits over others in a population causing those traits to be more common in subsequent generations. This results in change to a new species or subspecies. |
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_i.c.a_
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