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Rocks and Minerals
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mineral | A substance that is solid, inorganic, and it has to naturally occur. It has to have a definite chemical composition, and a crystal structure also. |
| Crystal Structure | The definite pattern in the way that particles in a substance are arranged. |
| Moh's hardness scale | A scale that rates ten minerals based on their hardness. |
| Luster | The characteristic of reflecting light. |
| Hardness | The characteristic of a mineral's ability to resist being scratched. |
| Cleavage | A mineral that splits easily along a flat surface has this. |
| Fracture | This describes when a mineral breaks apart in an irregular way. |
| Streak | The characteristic of a mineral when you stratch it on unglazed porcelain and the color of the powder it leaves. |
| Crystallization | The process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure. |
| Solution | A mixture in which one substance dissolves in another. |
| Vein | A narrow channel or slab of a mineral that is much different from the surrounding rock. |
| Geode | A rounded, hollow rock that is often lined with mineral crystals. |
| Element | A substance composed of a single kind of atom. |
| Compound | A substance formed when two or more elements combine and lose their distinct properties. |
| Inorganic | Something that is not formed from living things; a mineral has to be this to be a mineral. |
| Florescence | To glow under ultraviolet light; some minerals are this. |
| Texture | The look and feel of a rock's surface. |
| Fine grained | Describes the size of the rock's grains. Formed when magma cools rapidly, an example of this is slate. This is smaller particles of minerals and other rocks that make up a rock. |
| Coarse grained | Describes the size of the rock's grains. Formed when magma cools slowly, an example of this is slate. This is larger particles of minerals and other rocks that make up a rock. |
| Porphyry | A rock with large crystals surrounded by small crystals. |
| Intrusive igneous rock | Igneous rock that forms inside earth, from magma hardening beneath earth's surface. |
| Extrusive igneous rock | Igneous rock that forms from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface. |
| Sediment | Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things. |
| Compaction | Sediments pressed together in layers. |
| Erosion | Water or wind loosen and carry out fragments of rock. |
| Cementation | Dissolved materials glue sediments together. |
| Deposition | Sediments settle out of water or wind. |
| Clastic rock | Sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together. |
| Chemical rock | Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals dissolved in a solution crystallize. |
| Organic rock | Sedimentary rock that forms from the remains of plants and animals. |
| Foilated | Metamorphic rocks with grains arranged in parallel layers or bands. |
| Non-foilated | Metamorphic rocks with grains arranged randomly. |
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