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The Endocrine System
Updated
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are endocrine glands? | they are glands that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the bloodstream |
| what are exocrine glands? | they are glands that release their secretion external to, or at the surface of an organ |
| what are the endocrine glands? | pituitary gland, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal gland, ovaries and the testes |
| what are the exocrine glands? | pancreas, kidneys and salivary gland |
| what does the pituitary gland release and what are it's functions? | GH - growth hormone ADH - maintains water balance |
| what does the thyroid release and what are it's functions? | thyroxine - maintains metabolism |
| what does the pancreas release and what are it's functions? | insulin - decreases blood glucose glucagon - increases blood glucose |
| what does the adrenal gland release and what are it's functions? | adrenaline - fight or flight hormone |
| what are hormones? | chemical messengers |
| what do the ovaries release and what are it's functions? | oestrogen - female development hormone progesterone - maintains uterine lining |
| what do the testes released and what is it's function? | testosterone - male development hormone |
| what is a first messenger? | the hormone that binds to the receptor on the cell surface |
| what is a secondary messenger? | the activated protein molecule within the cell which carries the message and transfers it to the other enzymes inside the cell |
| what hormone is released by the pituitary gland to the breast and what is its function? | Prolactin - production of breast milk |
| what hormone is released by the pituitary gland to the adrenal gland and what is its function? | ACTH - stimulates the production of corticosteroids |
| what hormone is released by the pituitary gland to the thyroid and what is its function? | TSH - stimulates the production of thyroxine |
| what hormone is released by the pituitary gland to the bone and what is its function? | GH - stimulates growth |
| what hormone is released by the pituitary gland to the ovaries and what is its function? | FSH - stimulates ovulation |
| what hormone is released by the pituitary gland to the testes and what is its function? | LSH - stimulates production of sperm |
| what hormone is released by the pituitary gland to the kidney and what is its functions? | ADH - re-absorption of water water from kidney tubules |
| what hormone is released by the pituitary gland to the uterus and what is its function? | oxytocin - stimulates contractions |
| where is the pituitary gland found? | in the brain |
| where is the thyroid gland found? | in the throat |
| where is the adrenal gland located? | on top of the kidneys |
| where is the pancreas located? | behind the stomach |
| what is the islet of langerhans? | endocrine cells located in the pancreas, including alpha and beta |
| what do the pancreatic exocrine cells secrete? | digestive enzymes |
| what is lipase? | a digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas that works with the bile from the liver to break down fats to be more easily absorbed by the body |
| what is proteases? | a digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas that helps break down proteins |
| what is amylase? | a digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas that helps break down carbohydrates into sugars to be more easily used by the body |
| what is pancreatic juice? | a clear alkaline digestive fluid |
| which cells in the islet of langerhans detect too much blood glucose? | beta cells |
| which cells in the islet of langerhans detect too little blood glucose | alpha cells |
| what is secreted by the beta cells in the islet of langerhans? | insulin |
| what is secreted by the alpha cells in the islet of langerhans? | glucagon |
| what is the standard pathway response for too little blood glucose? | stimulus- too little blood glucose. sensors- alpha cells in the islet of langerhans. communication centre- pancreas. effector- alpha cells. response- alpha cells secrete glucagon which converts glycogen into glucose, increasing blood glucose levels |
| what is the standard pathway response for too much blood glucose? | stimulus- too much blood glucose. sensors- beta cells in islet of langerhans. communication center- pancreas. effector- beta cells. response- beta cells secrete insulin which converts glucose into glycogen, decreasing blood glucose levels |
Created by:
deannarosee
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