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ADV Biology CH. 6
A tour of the Cell
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Light Microscope | An optical instrument with lenses that refract (bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens. |
| Organelles | Any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. |
| Electron Microscope | A microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron beam on or through a specimen, resulting in resolving power a thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. |
| Cytosol | The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm. |
| Eukaryotic Cell | A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. |
| Prokaryotic Cell | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. |
| Cytoplasm | The contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus and bounded by the plasma membrane. |
| Plasma membrane | The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition. |
| Nucleus | The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. |
| Chromosome | A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. |
| Transport Vesicles | A tiny membranous sac in a cell's cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell. |
| Mitochondria | An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration. |
| Chloroplasts | An organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. |
| Cytoskeleton | A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signalling functions. |
| Cilia | A short cellular appendage containing microtubules. |
| Cell Wall | A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists. |
| Extracellular Matrix (ECM) | The substance in which animal cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides synthesized and secreted by the cells. |