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AP Biology Unit 2
Chapters 7, 8, 11, & 12 (Cells)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the membran structures that function in active transport? | integral proteins |
| What proteins are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and show fluctuationsin concentration during the cell cycle? | cyclins |
| What type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils phospholipids and steriods? | smooth endoplasmic |
| What can a cell thathas the following molecules and structures come from? (DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria) | plant or animal |
| What process helps materials leave a cell? | exocytosis |
| If there are 20 centomeres ina cell at anaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis? | 20 |
| Whst does the movement of potassium into an animal cell require? (Hint: two possible answeres) | an energy source such as ATP or a protein gradient |
| Who was the first to propose that cell membranes are phospholipid bilayers? | E. Gorter & F. Grendel |
| Who said that the membrane is a mosaic of protein molecules bobbing in a fluid bilayer of phosopholipids? | S.Singer & G. Nickleson |
| If there are 20 chromatids in a cell at metaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis? | 10 |
| What are the three stages of cell signaling? | signal reception, singnal transduction, and cellular responce |
| Ions difuse down their what? | concentration gradients |
| What is a small molecule that specifically binds to another molecule, usually a larger one? | ligand |
| Does facilitated diffusion require energy from ATP hydrolysis? | no |
| What would be inhibited by a drug that specifically blocks the addition of phosphate groups to proteins? | receptor tyrosine kinase activity |
| What is the first step in the M phase of the cell cycle? | prophase |
| What is the second step in the M phase of the cell cycle? | prometaphase |
| What is the third step in the M phase of the cell cycle? | metaphase |
| What is the fourth step in the M phase of the cell cycle? | anaphase |
| What is the fifth step in the M phase of the cell cycle? | telophase |
| What is the final steo in the M phase of the cell cycle? | cytokinesis |
| What is the name of the special region on a duplicated chromosome that holds the sister chromatds together? | centromere |
| What kind of cell is split through the formation of a cell plate rather than a clevage furrow? | plant cell |
| What process usually begins when the signal molecule changes the receptor protein in some way? | transduction |
| What are the membrane structures that function on active transport? | integral proteins |
| Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which structures found in animal cells? | gap junctions |
| What type of cells are not subject to cell cycle controls? | cancer cells |
| cells that are in a nondividing state are in which phase? | Gzero |
| What type of cells stop dividing at random points in the cell cycle when they do stop? | cancer cells |
| What type of signaling involves secreting cells acting on nearby target cells by discharging a local regulator into the extracellular fluid? | paracine |
| What are carrier molecules in the membrane and metabolic energy required for? | active transport |
| In mammalian cells recieve a go-ahead signal at the G1 what happens? | ceomplete the cell cycle and divide |
| What type of cells do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition when growing in cultrure? | cancer cells |
| What type of cell contains no membrane bound organelles? | prokaryotes |
| What cells are thought to have evolved from ancient prokaryotes living symbiotically? | eukaryotes |
| What organelle is a selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer? | plasma membrane |
| What surrounds the nucleus and has pores that allows only certain substances in and out? | nuclear envelope |
| What handles protein synthasis? | ribosomes |
| What organelle detoxifies drugs and poisons? | smooth ER |
| Where do microtubles grow? | centromes |
| What consists of 3 different catagories of fibers? | cytoskeleton |
| What functions as the cell's "post office"? | golgi apparatus |
| What organelle increases it's surface area through cristae? | mitochondria |
| What organelle detoxifies the cell? | peroxisomes |
| Where does photosynthesis occur? | chloroplast |
| What organells funtions as the "trash can" of the cell? | lysosome |
| What is the main component of the cell wall? | cellulose |
| What type of intercellular junction occur when sections of animal cells become fused water-tight? | tight junctions |
| What allows substances to move from plant cell to plant cell? | plasmodesmata |
| What fasten adjacent cells together into sheets? | desmosomes |
| What makes up the cilia and the flagella? | microtubles |
| What are the channels between cells through which ions, sugars, and molecules can pass? | gap junctions |
| What proteins are found throughout the bilayer of the plasma mebrane? | integral proteins |
| What proteins are found loosely bound to the surface of the plasma membrane? | peripheral proteins |
| What is crucial for cell-cell rocognition? | carbohydrates |
| What is the type of transport that requires no energy? | passive transport |
| What is the diffusion of water? | osmosis |
| What type of passive transport usually moves ions and polar molecules? | facilitated diffusion |
| What type of transport requires energy? | active transport |
| What moves substances from low concentraton to high concentration? | active transport |
| What moves substance from high concentration to low concentration? | passive transport |
| What is the process in which cells engulf other substances? | phagocytosis |
| What is the process is often compared to a cell "drinking"? | pinocytosis |
| When do ligans bind receptros to the surface of a cell and form a vesicle? | receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| When ligand bind to a receptor what does it usually cause a change in? | shape |
| What is cAMP an example of? | secondary messengers |
| What is occuring during 90% of the cell cycle? | interphase |
| What is the part of the cell cycle in which the division of the cytoplasm occurs? | cytokinesis |
| What part of the cell cycle is nerve cells? | Gzero |
| Is cell division density-dependent or density-independent? | density-dependent |
| What holds two sister chromatids together? | kinetochore |
| During what step of the cell cycle does cytokinesis begin? | telophase |
Created by:
atryan
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