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12. Plants & Animals
Nutrients
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | the system that circulates blood and lymph through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and glands. |
| Respiratory System | the set of organs that allows a person to breathe and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. |
| Digestive System | begins with the mouth and extends through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, ending with the rectum and anus. |
| Muscular System | an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. |
| Stomata/Stoma | a small opening on the underside of leaves that lets in carbon dioxide and can release water |
| Guard Cells | a pair of curved cells that surround a stoma, allowing it to become larger or smaller (open or close) according to the pressure within the cells. |
| Cuticle | the outer layer of living tissue (outer layer in plants) |
| Xylem | the vascular tissue that transports water and minerals that are absorAbed by the roots. |
| Roots | the part of a plant that attaches it to the ground or to a support, typically underground, conveying water and nourishment to the rest of the plant via numerous branches and fibers. |
| Transpiration | the process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores (stomata) in their leaves. |
| Veins/arteries | tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart and oxygen rich blood to the body. |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. |
| Oxygen (O2) | a colorless, odorless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air. |
| Carbon Dioxide (CO2) | a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. |
| Water (H2O) | a colorless, transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid that forms the seas, lakes, rivers, and rain and is the basis of the fluids of living organisms. |
| Glucose (C6H12O6) | a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates. |
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism |
| Chloroplast | an organelle (in green plant cells) that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| Mitochondria | an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur (making ATP) |
| Nutrient absorption | absorbing substances into cells or across the tissues and organs through diffusion or osmosis. |
| Transport | take or carry from one place to another. |
| phloem | the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves. |
| Cellular respiration | the chemical process that generates most of the energy in the cell, supplying molecules needed to make the metabolic reactions of an organism run. (glucose in/ATP out) |
| Shoots | the above ground parts of the plant. |
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