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Protein Synthesis

Chapter 11

QuestionAnswer
AUG START codon that begins TRANSLATION; codes for METHIONINE
UAA, UGA, UAG Stop codons; cause TERMINATION of translation
Termination Occurs when STOP CODONS are reached; ribosome+polypeptide separate
Polypeptide END PRODUCT of translation (small chain of amino acids)
hn RNA End product of TRANSCRIPTION; modified & shortened->mRNA
Ribosomes Organelle translates mRNA-> POLYPEPTIDE
mRNA Single strand messenger molecule from nucleus-> cytoplasm (codons)
RNA Plolymerase ENZYME: Converts DNA->mRNA
Template Single-strand of DNA that is copied during TRANSCRIPTION
Translation CYTOPLASMIC process; converts mRNA-> polypeptide chain
Initiation Precedes translation: (1) Ribosome binds to mRNA; (2)AA-tRNA to Ribosome
Aminoacyl-tRNA synth. ENZYME activates & transfers AMINO ACIDS to specific t-RNA's
Transcription NUCLEAR process; converts DNA -> mRNA
Translocation Shifting of AA-tRNA from the A site to the P site of a RIBOSOME
Redundant More CODONS (64) than there are AMNIO ACIDS (20)
Ambiguous Each CODON codes for more than one AMINO ACID
Non-overlapping Translation SHIFTS DOWN 3 bases to a new TRIPLET codon on A site
Codon Name for NUCLEIC acidic message on mRNA
Coupled Synthesis Translation begins BEFORE transcription is finished (bacteria)
Elongation Polypeptide chain LENGTHENS during translation
Activation Each amino acid must be ENERGIZED before binding to t-RNA
Marshall Nirenberg (1961) Geneticist; deciphered GENETIC CODE from all AMINO ACIDS (1960s)
Universal Code TRIPLET codon (eg. UUU) in all species codes from same amino acid (phe)
Created by: vweber1
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