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biology chp. 7

cells

QuestionAnswer
active transport energy requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concertration gradient.
cell basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms.
cell theory states that 1. organisms are made of one or more cells, 2. cells are the basic unit of life, and 3. all cells come only from other cells.
chloroplast double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis.
cell wall in plants, the rigid barrier that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, is made of cellulose, and provides support and protection to the cell.
Cilium short, hairlike projection that functions in cell movement.
Centiole organelle that plays a role in cell division and is made of microtubules.
Cytoplasm semifluid material inside the cell's plasma membrane.
Cytoskeleton supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm.
Diffusion net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Dynamic Equilibrium condition of continuous, random movement of particles but no overall change in concentration of materials.
Endocytosis energy requiring process in which large substances from the outside enviorment can enter a cell.
Eukaryotic Cell unicellular organism with membranebound nucleus and organelles; generally larger and more complex than a prokaryotic cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis.
Exocytosis energy requiring process by which a cell expels wastes and secretes substances at the plasma membrane.
Facilitated diffusion passsive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane by transport proteins.
Flagellum long, tail-like projection with a whiplike motion that helps a cell move through a watery enviorment.
Golgi Apparatus flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports them to other organelles or out of the cell.
Hypertonic Solution a solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing water to leave the cell by osmosis.
Hypotonic Solution a solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing water to leave the cell by osmosis.
Isotonic Solution a solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water.
Lysosome vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substances.
Mitochondrion membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell.
Nucleus in eukaryotic cells, the central membrane bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA
Nucleolus the site of ribosome production within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Organelle specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation.
Osmosis diffusion of water a selectively permeable membrane.
Plasma membrane flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps contorl what enters and leaves the cell.
Prokaryotic Cell microspocopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.
Ribosome Simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins.
Vacuole membrane bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and wastes.
Created by: Softballbabe
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