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ES 02 Elements of ES
Terms associated with common elements of earth/space & classification of matter.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anything that has mass and takes up space | matter |
| quantity of matter (often measured in grams or kilograms) | mass |
| amount of space occupied (often measured in cubic centimeters or liters) | volume |
| the building blocks of matter (about 90 natural) | elements |
| abbreviation for name of an element | symbol |
| scientists think this is how the heavier elements first formed | fusion in stars |
| this organizes the known elements by properties | Periodic Table |
| top 2 elements by mass in the universe | hydrogen (#1) and helium (#2) |
| top 2 elements by mass in the entire earth | iron (#1) and oxygen (#2) |
| top 2 elements by mass in earth's crust | oxygen (#1) and silicon (#2) |
| top 2 elements by mass in the atmosphere | nitrogen (#1) and oxygen (#2) |
| top 2 elements by mass in earth's waters | oxygen (#1) and hydrogen (#2) |
| top 2 elements by mass in the human body | oxygen (#1) and carbon (#2) |
| building block of elements (smallest part that keeps its properties) | atom |
| overall electrical charge of an atom | neutral |
| positively charged, tiny but very heavy center of an atom | nucleus |
| negatively charged, large but almost massless area around nucleus | electron cloud |
| the 3 subatomic particles that make up atoms | protons, neutrons, electrons |
| unit for measuring mass of subatomic particles | amu (atomic mass unit) |
| location of protons in an atom | nucleus |
| location of neutrons in an atom | nucleus |
| location of electrons in an atom | orbiting the nucleus |
| charge of an electron | –1 |
| charge of a proton | +1 |
| charge of a neutron | 0 |
| mass of a proton | 1 amu |
| mass of a neutron | 1 amu |
| mass of an electron | 0 amu |
| which subatomic particle is used to identify an atom? | proton |
| which subatomic particle holds the nucleus together and is responsible for the existence of isotopes? | neutron |
| which subatomic particle is responsible for properties of the atom? | electron |
| what do you use to count the number of protons in an atom? Hint: A.P.E. M.A.N. | atomic number |
| how can you determine the number of electrons in an atom? Hint: A.P.E. M.A.N. | atomic number (or same as number of protons) |
| Bonus: How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom? Hint: A.P.E. M.A.N. | mass number – atomic number |
| name for the atomic model that shows electrons moving in specific orbits around the nucleus | Bohr Model |
| name for the paths electrons follow in the Bohr Model | energy levels (older name: electron shells) |
| how many electrons can fit in the 1st (closest) energy level? | 2 |
| how many electrons can fit in the 2nd energy level? | 8 |
| Bonus: How many electrons can fit in the 3rd energy level? | 18 (know where to find this on the periodic table?) |
| vertical columns on the periodic table that can help tell the number of outer level electrons | groups 1 - 18 |
| Bonus: What are electrons in the outermost energy level called? | valence electrons |
| horizontal rows on the periodic table that tell how many energy levels contain electrons | periods 1 - 7 |
| state of matter that has definite shape and volume, and closely spaced particles | solid |
| state of matter that has definite volume, takes the shape of its container, and has closely spaced particles | liquid |
| state of matter that has no definite shape or volume, and is easily compressible because its particles are far apart | gas |
| classification of matter that has a constant (set, definite) composition | substance |
| classification of matter that has variable composition | mixture |
| classification of matter made of only one kind of atom | element |
| classification of matter made of 2 or more elements combined in a set ratio | compound |
| describes a mixture that is evenly distributed or mixed (looks like only 1 thing) | homogeneous |
| describes a mixture that is unevenly distributed or mixed (can easily see parts) | heterogeneous |
Created by:
goakley
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