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CPAS Year 2
Question | Answer |
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AC | Electricity in which the direction of flow of electrons repeatedly reverses. |
Amp (Ampere) | the basic unit of electrical current in the International System of Units (SI) |
Battery | A device that converts stored chemical energy into electrical energy. |
Circuit | a path in which electrons from a voltage or current source flow. |
Conductor | an object or type of material that allows the flow of electrical current in one or more directions. |
Coulomb | is the International System of Units (SI) unit of electric charge. |
Current | a flow of electric charge. |
DC | Electricity which flows in one direction, from the negative terminal to the positive terminal. |
Electromagnet | a device consisting of an iron or steel core that is magnetized by electric current in a coil that surrounds it. |
Insulator | a material of such low conductivity that the flow of current through it is negligible. |
Ohm | the standard unit of electrical resistance |
Ohm’s Law | the law that for any circuit the electric current is directly proportional to the voltage and is inversely proportional to the resistance. |
Parallel Circuit | a closed electrical circuit in which the current is divided into two or more paths and then returns via a common path to complete the circuit |
Power | to supply force to operate |
Resistance | a property of a conductor by virtue of which the passage of current is opposed |
Series Circuit | is a circuit where there is only one path from the source through all of the loads and back to the source. |
Volt | the derived unit for electric potential |
Voltage | The measure of electrical potential. |
Watt | is the unit of power |
Bernoulli’s Principle | states that for an inviscid flow of a nonconducting fluid, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. |
Compressed air | air that has been compressed to a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. |
Displacement | is a vector that is the shortest distance from the initial to the final position of a point |
Hydraulics | the branch of science and technology concerned with the conveyance of liquids through pipes and channels, especially as a source of mechanical force or control. |
Pascal’s Law | the law that an external pressure applied to a fluid in a closed vessel is uniformly transmitted throughout the fluid. |
Pneumatics | the branch of physics that deals with the mechanical properties of air and other gases. |
PSI | pounds per square inch |
Bearing | the support and guide for a rotating, oscillating, or sliding shaft, pivot, or wheel. |
Belt Drive | a transmission system using a flexible belt to transfer power |
Force | Anything that causes the motion of a physical system to change. |
Fulcrum | 1. The pivot point of a lever. 2. The axis of rotation of a moment arm. |
Gears | a part, as a disk, wheel, or section of a shaft, having cut teeth of such form, size, and spacing that they mesh with teeth in another part to transmit or receive force and motion. |
Inclined plane | one of the simple machines, a plane surface inclined to the horizon, or forming with a horizontal plane any angle but a right angle. |
Kinetic Energy | the energy of a body or a system with respect to the motion of the body or of the particles in the system. |
Lever Arm | A rod or beam which extends from an axis of rotation to a point where force or a load is applied. Also called a moment arm. |
Levers | a rigid bar that pivots about one point and that is used to move an object at a second point by a force applied at a third. |
Load | anything put in or on something for conveyance or transportation |
Potential Energy | the energy of a body or a system with respect to the position of the body or the arrangement of the particles of the system. |
RPM | Revolutions per minute; a unit for measuring angular velocity. |
First Class Lever | A lever where the fulcrum lies between the force exerted and the load. |
Second Class Lever | A lever where the load lies between the force exerted and the fulcrum. |
Third Class Lever | A lever where the force exerted lies between the load and the fulcrum. |
Torque | A force applied at a distance from an axis of rotation. |
Work | The amount of energy transferred by a force acting through a distance. |
Conduction | the transfer of heat between two parts of a stationary system,caused by a temperature difference between the parts. |
Convection | the transfer of heat by the circulation or movement of the heated parts of a liquid or gas. |
First Law of Thermodynamics | the principle that the change of energy of a thermodynamic system is equal to the heat transferred minus the work done |
Radiation | the process in which energy is emitted as particles or waves. |
Second Law of Thermodynamics | the principle that no cyclic process is possible in which heat is absorbed from a reservoir at a single temperature and converted completely into mechanical work |
Temperature | a measure of the warmth or coldness of an object or substance with reference to some standard value. |
Third Law of Thermodynamics | the principle that it is impossible to reduce the temperature of a system to absolute zero in a finite number of operations |
Thermal Energy | s the energy that comes from heat. This heat is generated by the movement of tiny particles within an object. The faster these particles move, the more heat is generated. |
Angular Velocity | The rate at which an object revolves, rotates, or spins. Measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). |
Constant | A hard-keyed value in the program code which cannot be changed while the program is running. |
Degrees of freedom | The ability of an object or joint to rotate or translate with respect to an axis. |
Effector | A device used to produce a desired change in an object in response to input. |
Engineering design cycle | The process used in engineering design, consisting of Problem Identification, Brainstorming, Analysis, Prototyping, Testing and Optimization, and Presentation. |
Gear train | An assembly of gears between the motor and the moving part controlled by the motor. |
Gear | a part, as a disk, wheel, or section of a shaft,having cut teeth of such form, size, and spacing that they mesh with teeth in another part to transmit or receive force and motion. |
Loop | A sequence of instructions in programming where, immediately after the last instruction, control passes back to the first instruction. |
Motor | A device which produces mechanical energy. |
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion | An object at rest will remain at rest or an object in motion will remain in motion, unless acted upon by an outside force. |
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion | The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. |
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion | For every force (the action), there exists an equal, yet opposite force (the reaction). |
Robotics | the use of computer-controlled robots to perform manual tasks, especially on an assembly line. |
Rotational Dynamics | investigates rotational motion of objects and deals with effects that forces have on motion |
Sensor | a mechanical device sensitive to light, temperature, radiation level, or the like, that transmits a signal to a measuring or control instrument. |
Statement | a single instruction in a computer program |
Variable | A symbol which represents a value which can be changed during the running of a computer program. |
Kinematics | the branch of mechanics concerned with the motion of objects without reference to the forces which cause the motion. the features or properties of motion in an object. |