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8 Sci Ch 7 Test 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 14.7 psi | atmospheric pressure at sea level |
| adiabatic | process in which the temperature of a gas rises as the gas is compressed with no heat lost |
| albedo | the decimal equivalent of solar radiation that an object reflects |
| anabatic | air flowing up a mountain's slope because of differences in temperature and pressure |
| anticyclone | circulating spiral of wind around a high-pressure system |
| atmosphere | blanket of gases that surrounds our planet |
| auroras | scientific name for the northern and southern lights |
| cloud cover, length of daytime, angle of the sun's rays and Earth's distance from the sun | four main factors that affect insolation |
| convection | heat transfer by moving currents of hot air |
| cosmic rays | very powerful radiation that comes from deep space |
| cyclone | a circulating spiral of wind around a low-pressure system |
| energy budget | term refers to the amount of energy available to heat the earth's land, water and air |
| exosphere | outermost layer of the atmosphere |
| fall wind | type of wind that occurs when dense, cold air flows from higher to lower elevations due to gravity |
| Ferrel cell | Cell that moves air form 30 degrees to 60 degrees latitude |
| foehn | a warm, dry wind that travels down a slope |
| greenhouse effect | process that traps heat in the earth's atmosphere |
| Hadley cell | a system of vertical and horizontal air circulation that creates major weather patterns, predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions |
| heterosphere | upper atmosphere |
| homosphere | lower layer of the atmosphere |
| horse latitudes | regions of high pressure and gentle winds at 30° north and south latitude |
| ionosphere | layer of the atmosphere that "bounces" certain types of radio waves back toward the ground |
| ITCZ | equatorial zone where sailing ships were often left without wind |
| jet stream | high-altitude wind in a narrow, meandering band |
| land breeze | cool, gentle wind that blows from the land to the sea |
| magnetic field | region in which a magnet affects other objects |
| magnetosphere | part of the earth's magnetic field that is affected by the solar winds |
| mesopause | coldest point in the atmosphere |
| mesosphere | least understood layer of the atmosphere |
| monsoons | winds that reverse their direction from season to season |
| nitrogen | most abundant gas in the homosphere |
| ozone layer | Protective layer in atmosphere that "shields" earth from UV radiation. |
| polar cell | Weak circulation cell that occurs between 60 and 90 degrees latitude. It results from upper air masses moving northward and descending at the poles, while at the same time surface air flows south. |
| radiation | heat transfer by electromagnetic waves |
| Rossby waves | upper troposphere waves that a big part of making cyclones and anticyclones |
| Santa Ana | very dry and often dusty Southern California winds |
| stratosphere | strong, steady winds but few changes of weather |
| thermopause | boundary of the upper thermosphere |
| thermosphere | layer of the atmosphere known for high temperatures |
| trade winds | surface winds that blow from high-pressure regions toward the equator |
| troposphere | "weather layer" |
| UVB | type of radiation that causes tanning and sunburn |
| UVC | most powerful and dangerous form of UV radiation |
| Van Allen radiation belts | belt like regions surround the earth and trap particles from the solar wind |
| water vapor | most important greenhouse gas |
| winds | horizontal movements of air |
Created by:
Mrs_CC
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