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Simonds CH. 18
Virus and Bacteria Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| capsid | part of virus made of protein, outside coat |
| core | inside part of virus that is made of nucleic acid |
| nucleic acid | genetic material, DNA or RNA |
| Lytic and Lysogenic cylce | cylce that viruses use to replicate |
| envelope | an extra protective coating that some virus have on the outside of the capsid |
| spikes or tail fibers | part of a virus that helps it attach to the host cell |
| host cell | cell that a virus infects (can be any living thing) |
| vaccine | weakened form of a virus that is injected into an organisms to help build immunity |
| bacteria | living organisms that is unicellular, prokaryotic, and can be a producer or consumer |
| Archaebacteria and Eubacteria | the two kingdoms of Bacteria |
| unicellular | made of only one cell |
| multicellular | made of more than one cell |
| prokaryotic | does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles, bacteria ONLY |
| eukaryotic | has a nucleus |
| endospore | extra protective coat that forms around a bacteria when they are in harsh conditions |
| Archaebacteria | bacteria that live in extreme conditions |
| Eubacteria | bacteria that live in common environments, like strep throat |
| Nitrogen Fixation | a benefit of bacteria, they live on the roots of plants and help them absorb nutrients |
| Benefits of bacteria | food, medicine, nitrogen fixation, decomposers |
| True or False, bacteria have a cell wall | TRUE |
| True or False, viruses are living | False- they need a host to replicate |
| True or False, flagella help a bacteria to move | True, a flagella is a long whiplike structure used to move. |
| True or False, bacteria and viruses have nucleic acid | True, both have DNA or RNA |
| Antibiotic | medicine taken to kill bacteria, is NOT affective in getting rid of a virus |
| Lytic Cycle | replication cycle of virus, take over host immediately. (cold, flu, etc) |
| Lysogenic Cycle | replication cycle of virus, contains a provirus that hides in the host until stimulated to take over and use the host cell to replicate (HIV, chicken pox) |
| provirus | part of the virus DNA that inserts itself into the host DNA and replicates when the host replicates. Part of the lysogenic cycle |
| Can bacteria reproduce sexually and asexually | YES, binary fission (asexual) and conjugation (sexual) |
| prion | type of virus that only contains protein in the core (instead of the usual RNA or DNA core) |
| retrovirus | a type of virus, such as HIV, that contains a RNA core that replicates from RNA to DNA (instead of the usual DNA to RNA) |
| viroid | a virus that only infects plants that is made of pure RNA, no protein |
| vaccine | a injection of a weakened form of a virus that enables the organism injected to build up immunity |
| type of virus cycle that the common cold and the flu follow | Lytic Cycle, you know immediately when you have the flu or cold and your body can immediately start to fight back. |
| type of virus cycle that HIV follows | Lysogenic Cycle, HIV can remain dormant in your cells until stimulated, then all cells rupture at the same time letting out too many viruses for your body to combat |
| are viruses living or non-living | Non-living, they must have a host to replicate. |
| 2 main parts of every virus | Core and capsid |
| material that is usually found in the core | DNA or RNA |
| material that the capsid is usually made of | protein |
| bacteriophage | a virus that infects a bacteria cell |
| extra coating on some animal viruses that adds extra protection to the virus | envelope |
| function of spikes on some viruses | to help attach to the host cell |
| order the following in the correct order for the lytic cycle: entry, attach, release, assembly, replicate | Attach, Entry, Replicate, Assembly, Release |
| order the following in the correct order for the lysogenic cycle: entry, attach, release, assembly, replicate, provirus formation, cell division | Attach, Entry, Provirus formation, cell division, replication, assembly, release |
| heterotroph | organisms that can not make its own food and must consume it instead. |
| autotroph | organisms that can automatically make their own food (plants can perform photosynthesis) |
| archabacteria | prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments |
| eubacteria | prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that live in common environments |
| binary fission | asexual reproduction in bacteria, chromosomes are replicated and the cell divides |
| conjugation | sexual bacteria reproduction, process of exchanging genetic material through cell to cell contact |
| 3 good uses of bacteria | decomposers, nitrogen fixation in plants, used in food & medicine |
| what bacteria and viruses have in common | they can both be pathogens(cause disease) |
| pathogen | something that causes a disease or illness |
Created by:
ssimond1
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