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Test 2
Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| prokaryotic cells | usually smaller, doesn't contain a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles (ex.bacteria and archaea) |
| eukaryotic cells | membrane enclosed organelles, largest organelle is usually the nucleus (ex.plants,animals, fungi) |
| Plasma Membrane | -double layer of phospholipids and proteins -has carrier proteins -transports in one direction and receptors recognize certain chemicals |
| Cell Walls | -found in plants,fungi, and many protists -surrounds plasma membrane *plants cell wall is mostly cellulose *fungi cell wall contains chitin |
| Cytoplasm | -viscous fluid containing organelles - components: *interconnected filament and fibers(cytoskeleton) *fluid-cytosol *organelles(not nucleus) |
| Cytoskeleton | -fibers and filaments - 3 fiber types: *microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments - 3 functions: *mechanical support, anchor organelles, & help move substances |
| Cilia and Flagella | -provide motility -cilia is short & is used to move substances outside human cells -flagella is whip-like extensions |
| Centrioles | -pairs of microtubular structures -play a role in cell division |
| Nucleus | -controls center of cell -has a double membrane -contains chromosomes and nucleolus |
| Nuclear Envelope | -separates nucleus from the rest of the cell -double membrane -has pores |
| Nucleolus | -most cells have 2 or more -direct synthesis of RNA -forms ribosomes |
| Endoplasmic Recticulum(ER) | -helps moves substances within cells -network of interconnected membranes -2 types: rough and smooth |
| Rough ER | -ribosomes are attached to surface -manufactured proteins -not all attach -may modify proteins form ribosomes |
| Smooth ER | -not attached ribosomes -has enzymes that help build molecules -carbohydrates and lipids |
| Golgi Apparatus | -involved in synthesis of plant cell wall -packaging and shipping station of cell (UPS) |
| Lysosomes | -contains digestive enzynmes -functions: aid in cell renewal,breakdown old cell plants, and digestive invaders -suicide cell |
| Vacuoles | -membrane bound storage sacs -more common in plants than animals -contains: water, food, wastes |
| Mitochondria | -has its own DNA -double membrane -breaks down fuel molecules(celluar respiration) *glucose and fatty acids -release energy(ATP) |
| Chloroplast | -derived from photosynthetic bacteria -solar energy capturing organelle -only in plants |
| Passive Transport | -no energy required -move due to gradient -move to equalize gradient -2 types: diffusion and osmosis |
| diffusion | molecules move to equalize concentration (ex. spraying perfume) |
| osmosis | "special form" fluids flow from lower solute concentration |
| hypotonic | -solutes in a cell is greater on the inside -outside solvent will flow into a cell |
| isotonic | solute is equal in and out of the cell` |
| hypertonic | -solute is greater on the outside of the cell -fluid will flow out of cell |
| Facilitated Diffusion | -differentially permeable membrane -channels helps molecules or ions enter or leave the cell |
| Active Transport | -requires energy - moves against the gradient |
| Endocytosis | -particles, organisms, and large molecules move into the cell -2 types: bulk phase (nonspecific) receptor phase (specific) |
| phago pino | cell eating cell drinking |
| Exocytosis | materials leave the cell |
| Principles of Cell Theory | -living things are made of cells -smallest living unit of structure and function -all cells arise from preexisting cells |
Created by:
Madison1998
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