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Chapter 11 Hunsicker

Protien Synthesis

QuestionAnswer
Anticodon Nitrogen bases triplet on t-RNA; complements codon of mRNA
Triplet code During translation, CODON of mRNA is read 3 bases at a time
AUG Start codon that begins translation; codes for METHIONINE
UAA, UGA, UAG Stop codon; causes termination of translation
Termination Occurs when stop codons are reached; ribosome+polypeptide separate
Polypeptide End product of translation (small chain of amino acids)
hn RNA End product of TRANSRIPTION; modified & shortened to mRNA
Ribosomes Organelle translated mRNA to POLYPEPTIDE
mRNA Single strand messenger molecule from nucleus to cytoplasm
RNA Polymerase ENZYME: connects DNA to RNA
Template Single-strand of DNA that is copied during transciption
Translation CYTOPLASMIC process; converts mRNA to polypeptide chain
Initiation Precedes translation: (1)Ribosome binds to mRNA; (2) AA tRNA to Ribosomes
Aminozcyl-tRNA synthesis ENZYME activates & transfers AMINO ACIDS to specific tRNAs and MR HUNSICKERS FAV!
Transfer NUCLEAR process; converts DNA to mRNA
Translocation Shifting of AA-tRNA from the A site to the P site of a ribosome
Redudant More codons (64) than there are Amino Acids (20)
Amniguous Each CODON codes for more than one AMINO ACID
Non-Overlapping Translation SHIFTS DOWN 3 bases to a new triple codon on an A site
Codon Name for NUCLEIC acid message on mRNA
Coupled Synthesis Translation begins BEFORE transcription is finished (Bacteria)
Elongation Polypeptide chain LENGTHENS during translation
Activation Each amino acid must be ENERGIZED beore binding to t-RNA
Marshall Niremberg (1961) Geneticist; deciphered GENETIC CODE for all amino acids (1960s)
Universal Code Triplet Codon (eg UUU) in all species codes for the same amino acids
Created by: loveabeth
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