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bio 2411
animal cell and organelles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The substance b/w the nucleus and the plasma membrane that surrounds organnelles | cytoplasm |
| Basic, living, structural & functional unit of the body & all organelles | Cell |
| Seperating the cells internal parts from the extra cellular fluid and external enviroment | Plasma(cell)membrane |
| branch of science concerned with the study of cells | cytology |
| Plasma membranes consist primarily of | phospholipids and proteins |
| Fluid moasic model is a | concept regarding the arrangement of various molecules |
| A phospholipid molecules head is | polar, phosphate containing , & attracts water |
| a phospholipid molecules tain is | nonpolar, fatty acid, & does not attract water |
| What forms the basic framework of the plasma membrane | phopholipid bilayer |
| Embeded in the phopholipid bilayer which can produce substances that can be transported into and out of the cell | Intergral Proteins |
| Loosely bond to membrane surface and esily seperated from it. | peripheral proteins |
| Protects cellular contents & seperates them from the external environment | cell membrane function |
| facilitates contact in other body cells or wit other body cells or with foreign cells | cell membrane function |
| provides receptors for chemicals such as hormones, neurotransmitters, enzymes and nutrients | cell membrane function |
| mediates the entrance & exit of materials(selective permeability) | Cell membrane function |
| Substances move across plasma membranes with out assistance from the cell | Passive processes |
| A passive process movement of molecules or ions from high concentration to low concentration to reach equilibrium | Diffusion |
| Diffusion may occur through | selectively permeable membrane |
| Process of glucose being picked up by a carrier. The combination of glucose-carrier is soluable in the phospholipid bilayer so it can pass through the membrane | facilitated diffusion |
| facilitated diffusion depends on | the diffusion concentration on either side of cell, the amount of carrier present, & how quickly the carrier combines with glucose |
| The net movement of H2O molecules through a selectively "passive process" permeable membrane from an area of higher H)concentration to a lower | Osmosis |
| a mole of sulute particles | osmol |
| morality = | mole/ 1 liter of solution |
| pressure required to prevent the movement of pure H2O into a solution containing solutes. | Osmotic pressure |
| The greater the solute concentration of the solution the greater its | Osmotic pressure |
| Our bodies NaCl = | .85% NaCl & 5.5% dextrose solution |
| Movement of H2O & other substances by gravity or mechanical pressure. Continues as long as a pressure difference exist | Filteration |
| The diffusion of solute particles across a selectively permeable membrane and involves the separations of small molecules from large molecules | Dialysis..passive process |
| Wehen cells actively participate in moving sustances across membranes, they must expand energy. Cells can even move susbstances across a concentration gradient | active processes |
| Process by which substances are transported across plasa membranes typically from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration in order to transport a substance against a conc. gradient. membrane uses atp | active transport |
| body uses 40% of its ATP for | active process |
| glucose enters blood & gets to blood by | active process since glucose (concentration) is igher in the blood |
| cell eating, requires atp | endocytosis |
| exocytosis | very imporant mechanism for secretory cells |
| Cellulare components are found in the | matrix |
| provides support & shape and is involved in the movement of structures in the cytoplasm | cytoskeleton |
| function of the cytoplasm | synthesis, decomposition, packages chemicals for transport & facilitates waste products |
| specialized portions of the cell with characteristic morphology that assume specif roles in growth, maintenance, repair, and control | organelle structures |
| largest structure in the cell | nucleus |
| contains hereditary factors of the cell called genes, which control cellular structure and direct many cellular activities | nucleus |
| how many nucleus's are in most body cells? | one |
| how many nucleus's are in muscle cells? | more than one (several) |
| The nucleus is seperated from the cytoplas by a | nuclear membrane or envelope |
| gel like fluid that fills the nucleus | nucleoplasm |
| in the nucleoplasm one or more sperical bodies called ? may be present | nucleol |
| What body disperses and disappears during cell division & reforms once new cells are formed | nucleol |
| Synthesis of proteins | rna |
| genetic material consist of | dna |
| made of dna and histone | chromosomes |
| manufactured by dna in the nucleus. | rna |
| a network of channels running through the cytoplasm. | ER |
| ribosomes are attached to | rough er |
| the smooth er is free of | ribosomes |
| facilitates intracelleular exchange of materials in cytoplasm | er |
| provides a pathway for transporting chemical | er |
| serves as a storage area | er |
| packages synthesized proteins for secretion in conjunction with endoplasmic reticulum | gogli complex |
| What provides an enormous surface area for chemical reactions. | The inner membrane |
| Enzymes involved in energy releasing reactions that from ATP are located in | cristae |
| self replicative if cell needs more atp | mitochondria |
| provide support and shape for cell, assist in cellular movement, for the structure of flagella, cilia, centrides, and spindle fibers | microtubles |
| form part of cytoskeleton, might also provide structural reinforcement in some cels | intermediate filaments |
| help oganize mitotic spindle during cell division | centrioles |
| allow movement of entire cell or movement of particles along the surfase of the cell | flagella and cilia |
| a space or cavity in the cytolasm of a cell, contains flud filled cavity in certain unicelluar organisms | vacuole |
Created by:
kes023
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