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Earth Science Ch. 2

Vocabulary for L.1-5

QuestionAnswer
seismic waves waves of energy that travel throughout the Earth
fault creep the slow movement of rock on opposite sides of the fault
normal fault a fault in which the hanging wall moves down in relation to the footwall
reverse fault a fault in which the hanging wall moves up in relation to the footwall
strike-slip fault (lateral) a fault in which two fault blocks move past each other horizontally
thrust fault a reverse fault with a gently dipping fault structure (where the hanging wall comes up over the footwall)
epicenter the point on the Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
focus the point inside the Earth where an earthquake begins
liquefaction the process by which soil loses strength and acts as a liquid instead of a solid
Mercalli scale a scale used to measure an earthquake's intensity based on eyewitness observations
P waves the fastest seismic waves, which travel through solids, liquids, and gases.
S waves the second fastest seismic waves, which travel only through solids
Richter Scale a mathematical scale that measures the actual amount of seismic activity of an earthquake
seismograph an instrument that measures and records earthquakes
surface waves seismic waves that ravel only across the Earth's surface.
aftershocks tremors that follow major earthquakes and can cause a lot of dame as well.
tsunami a vary large ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption
fissures tears in the Earth's crust caused by the friction of a fault
Created by: Mrs. Sutherland
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