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Bio Chapter 11 Vocab

human inheritance, complex inheritance, pedigrees

TermDefinition
genes segments of DNA that control the production of proteins
carrier An individual who is heterozygous for a recessive disorder.
pedigree a diagram that traces the inheritance of a particular trait through several generations
gamete a mature sex cell (sperm or egg) with a haploid number of chromosomes
incomplete dominance complex inheritance pattern in which the heterozygous phenotype is an intermediate phenotype between the two homozygous phenotypes
codominance a complex inheritance pattern in which both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition
multiple alleles a trait that is determined by more than two alleles such as the human blood group.
epistasis interaction between alleles in which one allele hides the effects of another allele.
sex chromosome the 23rd pair of chromosomes that determines an individual's gender
sex-linked trait traits controlled by genes located on the sex chromosomes (usually the X).
polygenic trait a characteristic that results from the interaction of multiple gene pairs.
karyotype a picture in which the pairs of homologous chromosomes are arranged in decreasing size.
telomere the protective end cap on a chromosome.
nondisjunction cell division in which the sister chromatids do not separate correctly resulting in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.
mitosis the process during the cell cycle in which the nuclear material is divided.
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