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DNA & Punnett Square
Term | Definition |
---|---|
DNA--> Deoxy ribonucleic Acid | The carrier of genetically coded information found in the nucleus of nearly all living organisms as the main component of chromosomes. |
Punnett Square | The diagram used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype. |
Genotype | The actual lettered code assigned to DNA allele pairs passed from mother and father to offspring during reproduction. |
Phenotype | The physical characteristics that organisms receive because of the gene type inherited from the parents. |
Genetics | the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in living organisms |
Heredity | The passing of characteristics from parents to children |
Off Spring | A child or animal in relation to its parent or parents. |
Allele | A gene pair (1 from mom and 1 from dad) that appear at a particular location on a particular chromosome and control the same characteristic. |
Homozygous Dominant | A particular gene that has identical CAPITAL letter alleles on both homologous chromosomes. This gene’s traits will take over when placed in an allele pair HH |
Homozygous Recessive | A particular gene that has identical lower case letters on both homologous chromosomes.--> hh (This gene’s traits will be masked if it were to be linked to a capital letter) |
Heterozygous | A particular gene that has received both a recessive and dominant trait Hh |
Genetic Cross | The deliberate breeding of two different individuals that result in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. a. Example Mendel’s long and short pea plant experiment |
Monohybrid cross | Mating between two individuals with different alleles at one genetic trait of interest. Rita and Fred Fish are concerned about the size of their potential children. |
Gregor Mendel | An Austrian monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments on the tall and short pea plants in his garden. |
Reginald Punnett | The British geneticist responsible for creating the 4 square chart that determines the future genotypes of offspring |