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GI SYSTEM
Med Surg II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an/o | anus |
| bar/o | weight |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| cec/o | cecum |
| chol/e | bile, gall |
| cholangi/o | bile duct |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct |
| col/o | colon |
| dent/o | tooth |
| enter/o | small intestine |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| hepta/o | liver |
| labi/o | lip |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| lingu/o | tongue |
| lith/o | stone |
| or/o | mouth |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| sialaden/o | salivary gland |
| -emesis | vomit |
| -lithiasis | condition of stones |
| -orexia | appetite |
| -pepsia | digestion |
| -prandial | pertaining to a meal |
| -tripsy | surgical crushing |
| Alimentary Canal Order | oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon |
| Accessory organs | liver, pancreas, gallbladder, salivary glands |
| Pharynx | Oropharynx and laryngopharynx |
| Peristalsis | wavelike muscular contraction that pushes food through GI tract |
| Hydrochloric Acid | Secreted by glands in the mucous membrane lining of stomach |
| Chyme | Formed when HCl mixes with food |
| Sphincters | Controls entry into and exit from stomach |
| Cardiac Sphincter | between the esophagus and fundus |
| Lower esophageal sphincter | Keeps food from flowing backward into esophagus |
| Pyloric sphincter | Regulates passage of food into the small intestine |
| Small intestine | Major site of digestion and absorption of nutrients |
| Small Intestine | Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
| Ileocecal Valve | Connects the ileum to the colon via sphincter |
| Veriform Appendix | outgrowth at the end of the cecum |
| Amylase | Enzyme in saliva that begins digestion of carbs |
| Salivary Glands | Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual |
| Liver | processes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, and produces bile |
| Bile | Helps digest fats and lipids |
| Emulsification | the process of breaking up large fat globules and making them easier to digest in water |
| Gallbladder | Stores bile |
| Common Bile Duct | carries bile to the duodenum where it emulsifies fat in chyme |
| Pancreas | Has buffers that neutralize acidic chyme and has enzymes that digest carbs, fats, and proteins. Produces insulin and glucagon. |
| Ascites | Collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
| Cachexia | Loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during a chronic disease |
| Hematochezia | Passing bright red blood in stool |
| Melena | Passage of dark tarry stool |
| Pyrosis | Pain and burning sensation usually c/b stomach acid splashing up into esophagus (heartburn) |
| Esophageal Varices | Enlarged and swollen varicose veins in lower esophagus; if rupture serious hemorrhage results; often r/t liver dx |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Dx (GERD) | Acid from the stomach flows backward into the esophagus causing inflammation and pain |
| Histal Hernia | Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm and into the thoracic cavity; common GERD symptom |
| Peptic Ulcer Dx | Ulcer in lower esophagus and/or duodenum; damage to stomach lining r/t h. pylori infection |
| Anal fistula | Abnormal tubelike passage from anal opening directly into rectum |
| Crohn's Dx | Form of chronic IBD, affecting ileum or colon; autoimmune condition that affects layers of bowel wall and results in scarring & thickening of gut wall |
| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of outpouching of gut, especially in gut; often happens when food becomes trapped within pouch known as diverticulum |
| Dysentery | R/t diarrhea with mucous and blood, severe ab pain, fever, and dehydration. c/b ingesting contaminated food/water |
| Inguinal hernia | Protrusion of small intestine loop into groin region through weakened spot in ab muscle wall |
| Intusseusception | Result of intestine telescoping into another section of intestine below it; more common in children |
| Volvulus | Condition in which bowel twists upon itself and causes obstruction. Pain and requires immediate surgery |
| Lavage | Using NG tube to wash out stomach |
| Anorexiant | Treats obesity by suppressing appetite |
| Anorexiant drugs | phendimetrazine, Adipost/Obezine; phentermine, Zantryl, Adipex |
| Antacids | calcium carbonate, Tums; aluminum hydroxide & magnesium hydroxide Maalox/Mylanta |
| Antidiarrheal | loperamide, Imodium; diphenoxylate, Lomotil; kaolin/pectin; Kaopectate |
| Antiemetic | prochlorperazine, Compazine; promethazine, Phenergan |
| Emetic | Ipecac syrup |
| H2 receptor Antagonist | Used to tx peptic ulcers and GERD. Increases production of stomach acid |
| H2 receptor antagonist drugs | ranitidine, Zantac; cimetidine, Tagamet; famotidine, Pepcid |
| Laxative | senosides, Senokot; psyllium, Metamucil |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors | Used to tx peptic ulcers and GERD. Blocks ability of stomach to secrete acid |
| Proton Pump inhibitor drugs | esomeprazole, Nexium; omeprazole, Prilosec |
| TPN | Total Parenteral Nutrition |
Created by:
TedMed
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