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Vocabulary
Glossary of Genetic Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| allele | several alternative forms of same gene |
| autosome | any chromosome other than a sex chromosome |
| carrier | an individual heterozygous for a recessive gene |
| co-dominant | paired genes that are both expressed |
| diploid | the number of chromosomes in moth body cells, which is double the number found in the gametes (2N) |
| dominant | allele is dominant if expressed when only one copy is present |
| genome | the complete DNA sequence of an organism containing its complete genetic information |
| genotype | genetic makeup of an individual |
| haploid | chromosome number of each chromosome pair |
| heterozygous | having different alleles at a given locus (hybrid) |
| homozygous | having a pair of identical alleles at a given locus |
| incomplete dominance | two alleles for a trait whose paired expression blends in the phenotype |
| locus | the position or location of a gene on a chromosome |
| multiple alleles | more than two alleles for the same trait |
| mutation | any permanent, inheritable change in the sequence of nucleotides of DNA |
| pedigree | a diagram setting forth the ancestral history of an individual |
| phenotype | observable expression (physical appearance) of a particular gene or genes |
| recessive | trait that is expressed only if individual is homozygous for corresponding allele |
| sex chromosome | X or Y chromosome |
| zygote | diploid cell formed from fusion of haploid sperm and ovum |
| Principle of dominance and recessive | one factor in a pair masked or dominated the other- dominant. The factor that was hidden- recessive. |
| Principle of segregation | two factors of a characteristic separate during the formation of eggs and sperm- one from each parent (any factor)- segregate |
| Principle of Independent Assortment | more complicated crosses involving two factors showed that factors for different characteristics are distributed to reproductive cells independently of each other |
| Monohybrid | one pair of contrasting traits |
| Dihybrid | two pairs of contrasting traits |
| Hybrid | heterozygous |
| frameshift mutation | a nucleotide is added or deleted; changes 'frame' of reading |
| point mutation | nucleotides change at one point |
| gametes | egg/sperm |
| homologous pairs | two paired chromosomes |
| rule of multiplication | compute the probability for each independent event and multiply these probabilities to get the probability of these occurring together |
| non-disjunction | when cells don't split in anaphase |
| translocation | nucleotide moves from one spot to another |
| synopsis | Chromosomes thicken, coil and pair with homologue |
Created by:
hcpspararaskt
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