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8 Science Midterm Re
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The one variable that is controlled or changed by the experimenter EX: Test the effect of salt on temperature of water freezing | Independent Variable: Salt that is added to a bottle of water |
| The variable that is affected by the independent variable EX: Test the effect of salt on temperature of water freezing | Dependent Variable: the temperature at which the salt water freezes |
| Normal conditions used to compare against the variable conditions in an experiment (no variables) EX: Test the effect of salt on temperature of water freezing | Control: Another bottle of water with no salt in it |
| Conditions that stay the same every time an experiment is conducted EX: Test the effect of salt on temperature of water freezing | Constants: The size and kind of water bottles must be the same |
| An educated guess EX: Test the effect of salt on temperature of water freezing | Hypothesis: If salt is added to water, then the salt will lower the freezing temperature of the water (Based on observations of salt melting ice on sidewalks in winter) |
| Regulates the amount of light into the body tube of a microscope | Diaphragm |
| Moves the body tube of a microscope up and down to focus an image | Coarse Adjustment Knob |
| Moves the body tube of a microscope SLIGHTLY to sharpen an image | Fine Adjustment knob |
| The specimen that is being viewed through a microscope | Field of view |
| To observe a cell under high power, how would you move the slide? Why? | Center it first, then move it to the left. High power MAGNIFIES the image, so you see less area but more detail. |
| What are the three powers of magnification for a microscope that has a 10X eyepiece, and 10X, 20X, and 40X objective lenses? | 100x, 200x, and 400x |
| Name three safety measures that should be used when heating a test tube filled with an uknown substance | goggles, lab coat, gloves |
| What is the formula for density? | D = M/V |
| If an object is more dense than the liquid it is sitting in, then the object will float or sink? | sink |
| INGESTION (taking in food & nutrients) + DIGESTION (breaking food down into a useable form for cells) | Nutrition |
| Elimination of cellular wastes such as water, CO2, urea | Excretion |
| Moving materials in and out, or through, an organism (EX. in and out of cells, through the blood stream, etc.) | Transport |
| The sexual or asexual production of offspring; natural process for generating new individuals | Reproduction |
| Releasing energy in food by breaking its chemical bonds | Respiration |
| The ability to respond appropriately to changes in the environment | Regulation |
| An increase in the amount of living material and the formation of new structures | Growth |
| Combining small molecules to make bigger ones | Synthesis |
| The regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for life, a.k.a. Keeping everything in BALANCE. | Homeostasis |
| The sum of the physical and chemical processes in an organism | Metabolism |
| When an organism takes in food from its environment | Heterotrophic nutrition |
| When an organism makes its own food, such as photosynthesis | Autotrophic nutrition |
| Name the classification levels of living things from broadest to most specific | Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Species |
| What are three characteristics used for classification? | 1. Physical characteristics, 2.Genetic similarities, 3. Evolutionary history |
| The classification or scientific name of an organism includes its ______ and ________ . | Genus and species |
| What are the six structures of living things? | Organelles - Cells-Tissues - Organs - Organ systems - organism |
| Name the three parts of Cell Theory | 1. All cells come from other cells, 2. All cells perform life functions, 3. All living things are made up of cells |
| Name three differences between a plant and animal cell | 1.Plant cell is rectangular, animal is circular 2.Only plant cells have cell walls 3.Only plant cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis |
| What is the function of the MITOCHONDRIA in cells? | Energy (ATP) is released from food during cellular respiration in the mitochondria. |
| What is the function of the NUCLEUS in cells? | Controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA |
| What is the function of the RIBOSOME in cells? | Where small particles of RNA and protein are assembled to make proteins |
| What is the function of the CHLOROPLAST in plant cells? | Uses sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules in a process called photosynthesis |
| What is the function of the CELL MEMBRANE in cells? | A thin, flexible membrane around the cell that selectively controls what materials can move into or go out of the cell |
| What types of organisms carry out the process of Cell Respiration? | ALL: Plants and animals |
| WHEN do organisms carry out Cell Respiration? | All the time, 24/7 |
| What types of organisms carry out the process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS? | Just plants (autotrophs) |
| WHEN do plants carry out photosynthesis | When there is sunlight |
| What is the word for movement of molecules into and out of cells? | Transport |
| Which cell structure or organelle allows molecules to move in and out of the cell? | Cell membrane |
| Describe ACTIVE TRANSPORT of molecules | When LARGE molecules use ATP to move from areas of LOW concentration to HIGH concentration, such as diffusion |
| Describe PASSIVE TRANSPORT of molecues | When small molecules move from areas of high to low concentration, such as osmosis. They don't need ATP |
| What type of cells undergo MITOSIS? | ALL tissue cells of the body, for growth and repair |
| What type of cells undergo MEIOSIS? | Sex cells to produce GAMETS |
| How many daughter cells are created in MITOSIS? | 2 |
| How many daughter cells are created in MEIOSIS? | 4 |
| Compare parent cells to daughter cells in MITOSIS. | SAME, 46. Each parent has 46 chromosomes which they replicate and give to the daughter cells so they also have 46. |
| Compare parent cells to daughter cells in MEIOSIS. | HALF, 23. The parent cell has 46 chromosomes, but they only give half (23) to their gamets (daughter/sex cells) |
| What are the building blocks of DNA? | NUCLEOTIDE. |
| What are the three parts of a NUCLEOTIDE/building block of DNA? | BASE (ATCG) + SUGAR + PHOSPHATE GROUP |
| What are the base pairing rules of DNA? | A-T and C-G |
| What are the 4 bases that are part of a nucleotide/building block of DNA? | ATCG = Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine |
| What is the structure of DNA? | A double helix |
| What process must always take place before any type of cell division can occur? | Cell replication |
| Name 4 functions of the skeletal system. | 1. Gives our bodies their shape, 2. Protects our vital organs, 3. PRODUCES BLOOD CELLS, 4. Allows movement |
| What are the three parts of bone? | 1.Compact bone, 2.Spongy bone, 3.Bone marrow |
| What part of bone is hard, white living cells around the outside made of calcium and phosphorus? | Compact bone |
| What part of bone is found at the ends of bones, and is hard but filled with spaces to make them lighter? | Spongy bone |
| What part of bone is soft yellow tissue in the center that produces red blood cells and contains fat? | Bone marrow |
| What is tough but flexible tissue that cushions the ends of bones where they meet at the joints? | Cartilage |
| What is strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bones? | Tendon |
| What is strong connective tissue that attaches bone to bone? | Ligament |
| Which TWO body systems work together to maintain homeostasis? | Nervous system and endocrine system |
| What is an automatic response that occurs very rapidly without your conscious control? | a Reflex |
| Your eye is dry and your eyelid blinks to give the eye some moisture. Reflex or voluntary response to a stimuli? | Reflex - you didn't think about it, your eyelid automatically blinked |
| You see Lebron James wants to pass the basketball to you. You put out your hands to indicate you are ready to catch the ball. Reflex or response to a stimuli? | Response to the stimuli of seeing Lebron getting ready to pass |
| A nerve cell is called a _________ | Neuron |
| What is the function of a neuron? | to Carry messages called "impulses" through the nervous system |
| What part of the nervous system interprets messages from the senses, and carries out learning, remembering and making judgements? | Cerebrum |
| What part of the nervous system is responsible for coordination, balance, and coordinates the actions of your muscles? | Cerebellum |
| What part of the nervous system controls the functioning of your internal organs? | Medulla |
| What part of the nervous system controls most of the functions in the body? | Brain |
| What part of the nervous system is made of a thick column of nerve tissue, and it links the brain to most of the nerves running through the body? | Spinal cord |
Created by:
ltorff
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