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Section 1 Bones
Axial Skeleton and Basic Bone Info
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What cell assists in the building and formation of bones? | Osteoblasts |
What cell assists in breaking down and cleaning bone? | Osteoclasts |
What are the two different types of bone? | Compact or Dense and Spongy or Cancellous |
What is the long hard section of a bone and What type of bone is it consisted of? | Diaphysis, Compact or dense bone |
What are the proximal and distal ends of a bone and what type of bone are they consisted of? | Epiphysis, Spongy or Cancellous bone |
What are the Functions of the skeletal system? | Supports the Body Protects the Body Produces red blood cells Stores Calcium Provides attachment sites Stores Energy |
What are characteristics of the Epiphysis? | Proximal and Distal ends of a bone Spongy or Cancellous bone Contains Red Marrow Produces Red Blood Cells |
What is Hemo or Hematopoiesis? | The production of Red Blood Cells |
What are characteristics of the Diaphysis | Main part of the bone (Shaft) Dense or Compact Bone Contains Yellow Marrow |
What is the Ephipyseal Plate/Line? | A section of the bone that was once held together by cartilage and becomes the ephiphyseal line when a person stops growing. |
What are the Landmarks of the Diaphysis? | Medulary Cavity - Inside of the bone where lipids are stored Periosteum - Silky fiber that covers entire bone except articular cartilage Articular Cartilage - Smooth cartilage that keeps joints moving |
What are the 5 Cranial Bones? | Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital, Sphenoid (Ethmoid can also be considered cranial bone) |
What are the landmarks of the Temporal Bone? | Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Mastoid Process - Just Behind Ear Styloid Process - Just Behind Ear in "groove" External Auditory Meatus - "Ear Hole" |
What are the landmarks of the Occipital Bone? | Foramen Magnum - Hole in posterior inferior skull where spine comes into the brain stem Occipital Condyles - Posterior Occiput articulates to C1 External Occipital Protuberance - "bump" at the back of the head |
What are the landmarks of the Sphenoid Bone? | Ptyergoid Process or Plate - Close to TMJ Teragoid Medialis attachment site |
What are the 4 sinus'? | Frontal Sinus, Sphenoid Sinus, Ehtmoid Sinus, Maxillary Sinus |
What are the Facial Bones? | Zygomatic- Cheek Bone Palatine - Roof of Mouth Maxilla - Upper Jaw Mandible - Lower Jaw Hyoid - Bone in throat Ehtmoid - Bone on each side of nose |
Landmark of Zygomatic Bone? | Zygomatic Arch |
What are the landmarks of the Mandible? | Mandibular Angle Mandibular Condyle (helps form TMJ) |
How many Spinal Curves are there? | 4 |
What is the Spine Consisted of? (Sections and Number of vertebrae) | 7 Cervical Vertebrae (C-Spine) 12 Thorax Vertebrae (T-Spine) 5 Lumbar Vertebrae (L-Spine) 1 Sacrum (4 Give or Take Fused together) 1 Coccyx (about 4 fused together) |
What is the name for the first cervical Vertebrae? | C-1 or Atlus |
What movement occurs at C-1 | Up and Down Movement |
Where does C-1 attach and what joint forms there? | Attatches to Occipital Condyles forms the Occipital-Atlantal joint (OA Joint) |
What is the name for the second Cervical Vertebra? | C-2 Or Axis |
What joint is made up at the articulation of C-1 and C-2? | Axial Atlantal Joint (AA Joint) |
What movement does the AA joint provide? | Rotation and Side to Side Movement |
What makes up the medial and lateral sacral crest? | Middle Processes and a set of process on each side of the sacrum |
What is the Main section of a vertebra? | Vertebral body |
What is the large hole in the center of a vertebra and what passes through it? | Intervertebral or Neural Foramen the Spinal Cord passes through it |
What are the two small holes on each side of each vertebra and what passes through it? | Intervertebral Foramen nerves branching off spinal cord run through them |
What provides attachment for the transverse processes? | The Pedicle |
What is the smooth surface that provides attachment for the spinous process and what else does it provide? | The Lamina it provides the Lamina Groove |
What are the slender protrusions on each lateral aspect of each vertebra? | Transverse Processes |
What are the sharp slender protrusions of the posterior aspect of each vertebra? | Spinous Process |
The transverse processes of the cervical spine each have this? | An anterior and posterior tubercle |
When two vertebra come together they form what joint? What landmark provides this joint? | Forms the "Z" Joint Vertebral Facet provides the joint |
What are two important landmarks of C-1? | Atlantal Condyles Odontoid Process or Dens (Anterior Aspect) |
What additional joint can be found at the sacrum? | Sacroiliac Joint (SI Joint) |
Where is C-7? | Base of the cervical spine just before the large T-1. (can be palpated by flexing placing fingers at base of C-spine and extending, c-1 should disappear, if it doesn't you are on T-1!!) |
What is the cushion between each vertebra? | Intervertebral Disk |
What makes up the inside of each intervertebral disk? | Nucleus Pulposa or Pulposus |
What makes up the outside of each intervertebral disk? | Annulus Fibrosa or Fibrosus |
What is the Notch at the superior aspect of the Sternum? | Suprasternal or Jugular Notch |
What is the superior aspect of the Sternum? | Manubrium |
What is the middle and main section of the Sternum? | Body |
what is the sharp process at the end of the Sternum? | Xiphoid Process |
How many Ribs are there? | 12 |
How many true ribs are there? | 7 |
How many false ribs are there? | 3 |
How many floating ribs are there? | 2 |
Describe a true rib. | One of the first 7 ribs where each end of the ribs have full attachment at both the vertebra and sternum. |
Describe a false rib. | Ribs 8-10 where each rib has its own posterior attachment but shares costal cartilage with another rib at the anterior attachment. |
Describe a floating Rib. | Ribs 11 and 12 that only have a posterior attachment and no anterior attachment |
What is special about the Hyoid bone? | It does not articulate with any other bone but is held with muscle and ligaments |
A posterior rib attachment spans how many vertebrae? | 2 |
What forms at the first rib attachment site at the posterior aspect? | Costotransverse Joint |
What is the first posterior attachment site for each rib? | Transverse Process |
What is the second posterior attachment site for each rib? | Intervertebral Disk |
What forms at the second rib posterior attachment site? | Costovertebral Joint or Rib Facet |
What is the lateral joint of the clavicle? | Acromioclavicular Joint |
What is the medial joint of the clavicle | Sternoclavicular Joint |