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Chapter 15
Evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was " Linnaeus' " beliefs about nature? | Fixity of species. Each species had.. - an ideal structure and function - a place in the "scala naturae" also know as the ladder of life. ~ simple being occupy lower rungs; complex and spirtual, such as, Humans and God occupy top rungs |
| What is "Linnaeus" known for? | -Developing the bionomial system of nomenclature (such as the term "homo-sapians") -classifications of life. |
| What is the definition of Evolution? | Species rise, change and become extinct due to nature,not super natual forces. |
| What are Extants? | Species who still have family members alive as oppose to beng extinct. |
| What is "Cuvier" known for? | - First to suggest that some species had become extinct. (this was propsed only from having fossil records - Strong avocate of "fixity" until his reseach revealed fossil variations. - Founded the science of paleontology |
| Facts about George-Louis Leclerc aka "Count Buffon" | -wrote a 44 vol. book describing all known plants & animals. -provided evidence of evolution & propose causes such as, environmental influence & struggle for existance. -support of evolution wavered, believed in special creation and species fixity. |
| Facts about "Erasmas Darwin" | -suggested the possibily of evolution, based his conclusion on the changes in animals durning development, animal breeding by humans, and the presence of [Vestigial Structures] |
| What is the definition of Vestigial Structures? | anatomical structures that functioned in ancestors but has lost some/all of thier functions in descendants |
| What is Paleontology? | The study of fossils. |
| Who eventually said... "sudden changes in fossil variations could be explained by a series of local catatrophes or mass extictions followed by the repopulation of species from surrounding areas" | Cuvier eventually said this! |
| Many of Cuvier's followers believed there had been world wide catastrophes and God created new sets of species to repopulate the world. The word to describe this is... | Catastrophism |
| What is Lamark known for? | -Linked diversity w/ invironmental adaptation. -Suggested that more complex organisms are desendants of less complex organisms. ("they become more complex by striving for perfection") -Famous for the giraff illustation. |
| What did Lyell write? | He wrote "Principles of Geology" |
| What did Lyell makes popular in his book? | Hutton's theory that the earth had a slow, uniform geological change. |
| What theory did Lyell produce about nature? | Theory of Uniformitarianism. |
| What is the definition of Uniformitarianism? | The natural processes witnessed today are the same processes witnessed in the pass. |
| What did Malthus write? | An Essay on the Principles of Population. |
| What did Malthus propose? | The size of human population is limited only by resources such as food, water, and shelter...Population grow geometrically but resources grow linearly. |
| Who's idea did Darwin use to formulate his idea of Natural Selection? | Dawin used Malthus' idea. |
Created by:
Shirone
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