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Rocks and Minerals
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cleavage | a sharp division; a split |
| Crystal | a piece of a homogeneous solid substance having a natural geometrically regular form with symmetrically arranged plane faces |
| Fracture | the cracking or breaking of a hard object or material |
| Gem | a precious or semiprecious stone |
| Hardness | the quality or condition of being hard |
| Luster | a gentle sheen or soft glow, especially that of a partly reflective surface |
| Magma | hot fluid or semi-fluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling |
| Mineral | a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence |
| Ore | a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be profitably extracted |
| Silicate | a salt in which the anion contains both silicon and oxygen |
| Specific Gravity | the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard, usually water for a liquid or solid, and air for a gas |
| Streak | a long, thin line or mark of a different substance or color from its surroundings |
| Basaltic | a dark, fine-grained, igneous rock consisting mostly of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, and sometimes olivine |
| Cementation | the binding together of particles or other things by cement |
| Compaction | In sedimentology compaction refers to the process by which a sediment progressively loses its porosity due to the effects of loading. This forms part of the process of lithification. |
| Extrusive | relating to or denoting rock that has been extruded at the earth's surface as lava or other volcanic deposits |
| Foliated | decorated with leaves or leaflike motifs |
| Granitic | a usually light-colored, coarse-grained igneous rock consisting mostly of quartz, orthoclase feldspar, sodium-rich plagioclase feldspar, and micas |
| Igneous Rock | one of the three main rock types, it is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava |
| Intrusive | causing disruption or annoyance through being unwelcome or uninvited |
| Lava | hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this |
| Metamorphic Rock | a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure |
| Non-Foliated | metamorphic rocks that are formed around igneous intrusions where the temperatures are high but the pressures are relatively low and equal in all directions |
| Rock | the solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets, exposed on the surface or underlying the soil or oceans |
| Rock Cycle | an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust |
| Sediment | matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid |
| Sedimentary Rock | rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment |
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