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Rocks and Minerals
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cleavage | The splitting or tendency to split of a crystallized substance along definite crystalline planes, yielding smooth surfaces. |
| Crystal | Any solid consisting of a symmetrical, ordered, three-dimensional aggregation of atoms or molecules. |
| Fracture | The cracking or breaking of a hard object or material. |
| Gem | A precious or semiprecious stone, especially when cut and polished or engraved. |
| Hardness | The quality or condition of being hard. |
| Luster | A thin coating containing unoxidized metal that gives an iridescent glaze to ceramics. |
| Magma | Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling. |
| Mineral | A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence. |
| Ore | A naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be profitably extracted. |
| Silicate | The silicate minerals are rock-forming minerals, constituting approximately 90 percent of the crust of the Earth. |
| Specific Gravity | The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard, usually water for a liquid or solid, and air for a gas. |
| Streak | The streak (also called "powder color") of a mineral is the color of the powder produced when it is dragged across an un-weathered surface. |
| Basaltic | A dark, fine-grained, igneous rock consisting mostly of plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene, and sometimes olivine. |
| Cementation | A process of altering a metal by heating it in contact with a powdered solid, especially a former method of making steel by heating iron in contact with charcoal. |
| Compaction | In sedimentology compaction refers to the process by which a sediment progressively loses its porosity due to the effects of loading. |
| Extrusive | Relating to or denoting rock that has been extruded at the earth's surface as lava or other volcanic deposits. |
| Foliated | Refers to repetitive layering in metamorphic rocks. Each layer may be as thin as a sheet of paper, or over a meter in thickness. |
| Granitic | A usually light-colored, coarse-grained igneous rock consisting mostly of quartz, orthoclase feldspar, sodium-rich plagioclase feldspar, and micas. |
| Igneous Rock | Is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. |
| Intrusive | A type of igneous rock. Igneous rocks are rocks that form from cooled magma. Intrusive rocks are igneous rocks that form from crystallized magma beneath the earth's surface. |
| Lava | Hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this. |
| Metamphoric Rock | A type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure. |
| Non-Foliated | Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks are formed around igneous intrusions where the temperatures are high but the pressures are relatively low and equal in all directions (confining pressure). |
| Rock | The solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets, exposed on the surface or underlying the soil or oceans. |
| Rock Cycle | An idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, remelting, and further igneous intrusion. |
| Sediment | Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid. |
| Sedimentary Rock | Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition of material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. |
Created by:
madisonbarden
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