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Rocks and Minerals
...
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ion | An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons |
| crystals | a piece of a homogeneous solid substance having a natural geometrically regular form with symmetrically arranged plane faces. |
| inorganic | not consisting of or deriving from living matter. |
| Mineral | a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence. |
| Silicates | a salt in which the anion contains both silicon and oxygen, especially one of the anion SiO42−. |
| Cleavage | a sharp division; a split. |
| Density | the degree of compactness of a substance. |
| Fracture | the cracking or breaking of a hard object or material. |
| Hardness | the quality or condition of being hard. |
| Luster | a gentle sheen or soft glow, especially that of a partly reflective surface. |
| Streak | a long, thin line or mark of a different substance or color from its surroundings. |
| Lava | hot molten or semi-fluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this. |
| Magma | hot fluid or semi-fluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling. |
| Rock | the solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth and other similar planets, exposed on the surface or underlying the soil or oceans. |
| Vein | a fracture in rock containing a deposit of minerals or ore and typically having an extensive course underground. |
| Gemstone | a precious or semiprecious stone, especially one cut, polished, and used in a piece of jewelry. |
| Ore | a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be profitably extracted. |
| Ore deposit | an accumulation of ore. |
| Crystallization | a chemical solid–liquid separation technique, in which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase occurs |
| Igneous Rock | formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. |
| Metamorphic Rock | a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure |
| Metamorphism | alteration of the composition or structure of a rock by heat, pressure, or other natural agency. |
| Precipitate | cause to be deposited in solid form from a solution. |
| Rock Cycle | an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, remelting, and further igneous intrusion. |
| Sediment | matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; dregs. |
| Sedimentary Rock | formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water, ice, and wind. |
| Sedimentation | the accumulation of sand and dirt that settles in the bottom of lakes |
| Extrusive | relating to or denoting rock that has been extruded at the earth's surface as lava or other volcanic deposits. |
| Intrusive | causing disruption or annoyance through being unwelcome or uninvited |
| Volcanic Rock | a rock formed from magma erupted from a volcano |
| Cementation | the binding together of particles or other things by cement. |
| Lithification | the process in which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock. |
| Organic | of, relating to, or derived from living matter. |
| Foliation | the process of being split into thin sheets or laminae. |
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