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U5 Rocks/Minerals
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ion | An atom with one or more electrons added or subtracted; it has an electrical charge. |
| igneous rock | A rock formed from cooled magma. |
| intrusive | Igneous rocks that form inside the Earth from slowly cooling magma. |
| crystal | A solid in which all the atoms are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. |
| cleavage | The tendency of a mineral to break along certain planes to make smooth surfaces. |
| crystallization | The formation of mineral grains from cooling magma. |
| cementation | When fluids deposit ions to create a cement that hardens loose sediments. |
| inorganic | Not organic; not involving life or living organisms. For example, the rock and mineral portion of the soil. |
| mineral | A naturally occurring inorganic, crystalline solid with a characteristic chemical composition. |
| metamorphic rock | A rock that forms from a previous rock that is exposed to heat and/or pressure. |
| metamorphism | A solid state change in an existing rock due to high temperature and/or pressure that creates a metamorphic rock. |
| magma | Molten rock deep inside the Earth. |
| silicates | Minerals of silicon atoms bonded to oxygen atoms. |
| streak | The color of the powder of a mineral. |
| sediment | Small particle of soil or rock deposited by wind or water. |
| sedimentary rock | A rock that forms from the compaction of sediments or the precipitation of material from a liquid. |
| sedimentation | Sediments are laid down in a deposit. |
| precipitate | Solid substance that separates out of a liquid to form a solid, usually when the liquid evaporates. |
| rock cycle | The never-ending cycle in which one rock type changes into another rock type. |
| rock | Mixture of minerals. |
| density | The amount of matter in a certain amount of space; mass divided by volume. |
| fracture | (minerology) The way a mineral breaks when it is not broken along a cleavage plane. (structural geology) A break in rock caused by stresses, with or without movement of material. |
| foliation | Flat layers in rocks due to squeezing by pressure. |
| hardness | The ability of a mineral to resist scratching. |
| luster | The way light reflects off of the surface of the mineral. |
| lava | Molten rock that has reached the Earth's surface. |
| lithification | The creation of rock from sediments. |
| extrusive | Igneous rocks that form at Earth's surface from rapidly cooling lava. |
| volcanic rock | Rock that originates in a volcano or volcanic feature. |
| vein | Minerals that cooled from a fluid and filled cracks in a rock. |
| gemstone | Any material that is cut and polished to use in jewelry. |
| ore | A type of rock that contains useful minerals. |
| ore deposit | A mineral deposit that contains enough minerals to be mined for profit. |
| organic | Something from living organisms. |
Created by:
_i.c.a_
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