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ES EMAP Chapter 5

Earthquakes

TermDefinition
Fault Crack in the earth's crust where movement has occurred.
Earthquake Vibrations caused by breaking of rocks.
Normal Fault Fault which occurs as a result of divergence. Rock above the fault moves downward in relation to fault surface.
Reverse Fault Fault which occurs as a result of convergence. Rock above the fault moves upward in relation to fault surface.
Strike Slip Fault Fault in which rocks on opposite sides are sliding past one-another.
Seismic Waves Vibrations caused by an earthquake
Primary Waves Compression waves; also known as p waves.
Secondary Waves Translational waves. Also known as s waves.
Rayleigh Waves Surface waves resulting from vibrations between earth and air. Particles move in ellipses in alternate directions.
Love Waves Surface waves resulting from vibrations between water and air. Particles move in circles in the same direction.
Focus The location at a fault where movement has occurred.
Epicenter The location on the surface of the earth nearest the focus
Seismograph Device used to measure earthquake magnitude
Seismogram The data recording the magnitude of an earthquake
Magnitude A measure of the energy released by an earthquake
Liquefaction A hazard of earthquakes resulting from fluids in soil being shaken to the surface
Tsunami A hazard of an earthquake resulting when the epicenter is under water.
Created by: MrGross
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