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Chapter 8 Biology
Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does a Catabolic Pathway do? | it releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds |
| What does an Anabolic Pathway do? | it consumes energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones |
| What is Kinetic energy associated with? | motion |
| What's the definition of potential energy? | is energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure |
| What's the definition of open system? | energy and matter can be transferred between the system and its suroundings |
| What's the definition of a closed system? | such as that approximated by liquid in a thermos, is isolated from its surroundings |
| What's the definition of exergonic reactions? | proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous |
| What's the defintion of endergonic reactions? | absorbs free energy from its surroundings and is nonspontaneous |
| What is the First Law of Thermodynamics? | states that energy of the universe is constant, energy can be transferred and transformed, but can't be created or destroyed, aka: principle of conservation of energy |
| What is the Secnd Law of Thermodynamics? | Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe |
| Explain in general terms how cells obtain the energy to do cellular work. | cells manage energy resources by energy coupling, the use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one |
| A cell does three main kinds of work. What are they? | chemical, transport, and mechanical |
| ATP is also called what? | adenosine triphosphate |
| ATP is the ____ _____ ______. | cell's energy shuttle |
| What is ATP composed of? | ribose (a sugar), adenine (a nitrogenous base), and three phosphate groups |
| What happens during hydrolysis? | ATP is broken down to ADP releasing its terminal phosphate. Ther terminal phosphate is transferred to some other molecules to drive the endergonic reaction |
| What could affect an enzyme's activity? | environmental factors ie: temperature and pH, and other chemicals |
| Explain the induced-fit model of enzyme function. | It brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reaction |
| Describe the mechanisms by which enzymes lower activation energy. | The active site can lower an EA barrier by: orienting substrates correctly, straining substrate bonds, providing a fvorable microenvironment, and covalently bonding to the substrate |
| Catabolism is to anabolism as _____ is to _____. a.entropy; enthalpy b.work;energy c.exergonic;endergonic d.exergonic;spontaneous | exergonic;endergonic |
| Most cells can't harness heat to perform work because a.heat can never be used to do work b.cells don't have as much heat; they're relatively cool. c.temperature is usually uniform throughout the cell | temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell |
| According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, a.systems rich in energy are intrinsically stable b.all processes increase the order of the universe c.energy is conserved in all processes d.matter can be neither created nor destroyed | energy is conserved in all processes |
| What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in the ATP molecule? | hydrolysis |
| Which term specifically describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? | catabolism |
| Whenever energy is transformed, there's always an increase in the what? | entropy of the universe |
| Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism? | it provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions |
| The active site of an enzyme is the region that what? a. is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme b.binds the products of the catalytic reaction c.is inhibited by the presence of a coenzyme or a cofactor | is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme |
| Zinc, an essential trace element for most organisms, is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase. The zinc most likely is a what? | cofactor necessary for enzyme activity |
| Which of the following has an effect on the enzyme activity? a.pH b.temperature c.Ionic concentrations d.All of them | all of them |
Created by:
RosauraPerez
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