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SLS Sci10 Tectonics

SLS Sci10 Tectonics SK

TermDefinition
Asthenosphere A partly molten layer in Earth's upper mantle just below the lithosphere.
Continental drift theory The theory that the continents have not always been in their present locations, but have moved there over millions of years.
Converging plates Tectonic plates that are colliding.
Diverging plates Tectonic plates that are spreading apart.
Earthquakes A sudden, ground-shaking release of built-up energy at or under Earth's surface.
Epicentre The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus where an earthquake starts.
Fault Large breaks in rock layers.
Hot spot An area where molten rock rises to Earth's surface.
Inner core Earth's solid centre.
Outer core The layer below Earth's mantle.
Lithosphere The layer of Earth made up of crust and uppermost mantle and ranging in thickness from 65km to 100km.
Mantle Earth's thickest layer, lying just below the crust and making up 70% of Earth;s volume.
Mantle Convection A Recurring current in the mantle that occurs when hotter, less dense material rises, cools, and then sinks again. This current is believed to be one of the driving forces behind tectonic plate movement.
Paleoglaciation The extent of ancient glaciers; also the rock markings they left behind.
Plate boundary The region where two tectonic plates are in contact.
Plate tectonic theory The theory that the lithosphere is broken up into large plates that move and then rejoin; considered the unifying theory of geology.
Primary waves A type of seismic body (underground) wave that travels about 6km/s through Earth's crust, causing the ground to move in the direction of the wave's motion.
Ridge push The process in which new material at a ridge or rift pushes older material aside, moving the tectonic plates away from the ridge.
Rift valley A steep-sided valley formed on land when magma rises to Earth's surface at a spreading centre.
Secondary waves A type of seismic body (underground) wave that travels about 3.5km/s, causing the ground to move perpendicular to the direction of the wave's motion; also known as shear wave.
Spreading ridge The region where the magma breaks through the Earth's surface, continually forcing apart old rock and forming new sea floor.
Subduction zone Areas of subduction, which typically experience large earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Surface waves Seismic waves that ripple along Earth's surface.
Tectonic plates The large slabs of rock that form Earth's surface, moving over a layer of partly molten rock.
Transform fault A fault that occurs at a transform plate boundary.
Trench A deep underwater valley that is formed when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate and is forced to slide beneath it.
Volcanic belt A long chain of volcanoes.
Volcanic island arc A long chain of volcanic islands.
Volcanoes An opening in Earth's surface that, when active, spews out gases, chunks of rock, and melted rock.
Slab Pull The pulling of a tectonic plate as its edge subducts deep into the mantle.
Created by: Shiza Kirmani
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