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Electricity Basics
Chapter 7 - Standard Esthetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| active | electrode used on the area to be treated |
| alternating current (AC) | rapid and interrupted current |
| amp (A) | also ampere, unit that measures the amount of an electric current |
| alternating current (AC) | current flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction |
| anaphoresis | process of forcing liquids into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole |
| anode (+) | positive electrode |
| blue light | therapeutic light that should be used only on oily skin that is bare |
| blue light | light that contains few heat rays, is the least penetrating, and has some germicidal and chemical benefits |
| cataphoresis | process of forcing acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative pole |
| cathode (-) | negative electrode |
| circuit breaker | switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload |
| complete circuit | the path of an electric current from the generation source through conductors and back to its original source |
| conductor | any substance, material, or medium that easily transmits electricity |
| converter | apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current |
| desincrustation | the use of galvanic current to create an alkaline chemical reaction that emulsifies or liquefies sebum and debris |
| direct current (DC) | constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only |
| electric current | flow of electricity along a conductor |
| electricity | form of energy that, when in motion, exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects |
| electricity | a flow of electrons |
| electrode | applicator for directing the electric current from the machine to the clients's skin |
| electromagnetic radiation | energy in the form of electromagnetic waves |
| electromagnetic radiation | also called radiant energy because it carries, or radiates energy through space on waves |
| radiant energy | also called electromagnetic radiation, energy in the form of electromagnetic waves; carries, or radiates energy through space on waves |
| electrotherapy | the use of electrical devices for therapeutic benefits |
| faradic current | alternating and interrupted current that produces a mechanical reation without a chemical effect |
| faradic current generator | used for stimulation of muscles and nerves of a body |
| fuse | special device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit |
| galvanic current | a constant and direct current (DC) |
| galvanic current | uses a positive and negative pole to produce the chemical changes of desincrustation, an iontophoresis |
| inactive | opposite pole from the active electrode |
| infrared rays | invisible rays that have longer wavelengths, penetrate deeper, and produce more heat than visible light |
| insulator | substance that does not easily transmit electricity |
| nonconductor | also insulator,substance that does not easily transmit electricity |
| iontophoresis | also ionization, process of introducing water-soluable products into the skin by using electric current |
| ionization | also iontophoresis, process of introducing water-soluable products into the skin by using electric current such as that from the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine |
| kilowatt (K) | 1,000 watts |
| laser | acronym for LIGHT AMPLIFICATION STIMULATION EMISSION OF RADIATION |
| laser | a medical device used for hair removal and skin treatments |
| light therapy | the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of acne, wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal |
| microcurrent | a device that mimics the body's natural electrical energy to reeducate and tone facial muscles |
| microcurrent | improves circulation and increases collagen and elastin production |
| milliampere | one-thousandth of an ampere |
| ampere (A) | also amp, it is the measurement of the number of electrons passing through a given point in one second intervals |
| ampere (A) | also amp, a unit of electric current, or amount of electric charge per unit time |
| modalities | currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments |
| sensory modality | or stimulus modality, one aspect of a stimulus |
| modalities | temperature, taste, sound, pressure |
| sensory modality | the type of sensory receptor activated by a stimulus, plays the primary role in coding the stimulus modality |
| ohm (O) | unit that measures the resistance of an electric current |
| ohm (symbol: Ω) | unit of electrical impedance or, in the direct current case, electrical resistance, named after Georg Simon Ohm |
| electrical impedance | or simply impedance, describes a measure of opposition to a sinusoidal alternating current (AC) |
| phototherapy | also light therapy, a form of treatment used for various skin contitions using artificial light wavelengths from the ultraviolet (blue light); part of the sun's spectrum |
| ultraviolet light | causes progressive damage to human skin; is mediated by genetic damage, collagen damage, as well as destruction of vitamin A and vitamin C in the skin and free radical generation |
| photothermolysis | process by which light from a laser is turned into heat |
| plug | two- or three-pronged connector at the end of an electrical cord that connects an apparatus to an electrical outlet |
| polarity | negative or positive pole of an electric current |
| rectifier | apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current |
| red light | therapeutic light used on dry skin in combination with oils and creams |
| red light | light that penetrates the deepest and produces the most heat |
| sinusoidal current | alternating current similar to faradic current |
| sinusoidal current | current that produces mechanical contractions and is used during scalp and facial manipulations |
| Tesla high-frequency current | thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration |
| Tesla high-frequency current | also called violet ray |
| ultraviolet (UV) rays | invisible rays that have short wavelengths, are the least penetrating rays; produce chemical effects, and kill germs |
| ultraviolet rays | also called cold rays or actinic rays |
| visible light | the primary source of light used in facial and scalp treatments |
| volt(V) | unit that measures the pressure of force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor |
| watt (W) | measurement of how much electric energy is being used in one second |
| wavelength | distance between two successive peaks of electromagnetic waves |
| white light | referred to as combination light because it is a combination of all the visible rays of the spectrum |
| Sinusoidal current is best suited for what type of client? | nervous |
| What are the benefits of sinusoidal current? | supplies greater stimulation,deeper penetration and is less irritating than faradic current; soothes nerves and penetrates into deeper muscle tissue |
| microcurrent | an extremely low level of electricity current that mirror's the body's own natural electrical impulses |
| microcurrent | current that mimicks the way the brain relays messages to the muscles |
| microcurrent | current that has no chemical effect, is exercise for the muscle |
| describe direct surface application | the esthetician holds the handpiece, where the glass electrode is inserted, and applies it directly to the client's skin, moving it slowly over the entire face for stimulation |
| describe indirect application | the client holds the tube electrode (with metal coil inside) while the esthetician massages the face with her hands. |
| indirect | at no time should the esthetician hold the electrode during this type of application |
| contraindications for electrotherapy | pacemaker/heart conditions; epilepsy; open cuts, sores, pustular acne, abrasions; diabetes; metal dental/facial implants, braces, pins, plates; prenancy; dilated capillaries;recent laser resurfacing or chemical peel; client uses Accutane/retinoid products |
| the energy of electromagnetic waves | radiant energy |
| the entire range of wavelenghts of electromagnetic radiation (radiant energy) | electromagnetic spectrum |
| invisible rays make up _____ % of natural sunlight | 65 |
| wavelength | the distance between two successive peaks or waves |
| ultraviolet (UV) rays make up _____% of natural sunlight | 5 |
| ultraviolet light therapy | increases the elimination of waste products; improves the flow of blood and lymph; has a germicidal and antibactreial effect; produces vitamin D in the skin; can be used to treat rickets, psoriasis, and acne |
| infrared light therapy | heats and relaxes the skin; dialates blood vessels and increases circulation; produces chemical changes; increases metabolism; increases production of perspiration and oil; deep penetration relieves pain in sore muscles; soothes nerves |
| white light therapy | relieves pain in the back of the neck and shoulders; produces some chemical and germicidal effects; relaxes muscles |
| blue light therapy | soothes nerves; improves acne; improves skin tone; provides some chemical and germicidal effects; used for mild cases of skin eruptions; produces little heat |
| red light therapy | improves dry, scaly, wrinkled skin; increases rate of collagen building; relaxes muscles; penetrates the deepest; produces the most heat |
| which machine has a thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of occillation or vibration? | high-frequency |
| blue light | light therapy that should be used on oily skin only |
| red light | light therapy that is used on dry skin in combination with oils and creams |
| light-emitting diode | LED |
| LED | can be blue, red, yellow or green light |
| LED | works by releasing flashing light onto the skin to simulate specific responses |
| intense pulse light | this uses a broad spectrum of focused light to treat spider veins and brown spots (hyperpigmentation) |
Created by:
heaneyl
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