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Bio Standard B.4(B)
investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy...
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cellular process | the activities that go on inside a cell that help an organism to survive. Some of these processes include food metabolism(cellular respiration), protein production, and even cellular destruction. |
| Homeostasis | regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions needed for life. |
| Energy conversion | the process of changing one form of energy to one other. In physics, the term energy describes the capacity to produce certain changes within any system, without regard to limitations in transformation imposed. |
| Molecule transport | involves the movement of molecules into and out of cells across a cell membrane. |
| Synthesis | the production of chemical compounds by reaction from simpler materials. |
| Organelle | specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation. |
| Ribosome | simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins. |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis. |
| Golgi apparatus | flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports them to other organelles or out of the cell. |
| Lysosome | vesicles that uses enzymes to excess or worn-out digest excess or worn-out cellular substances. |
| Plasma membrane | flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell. |
| Vacuole | membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and wastes. |
| Plastid | is a major double-membrane organelle found, among others, in the cells of plants and algae. Plastids are the site of manufacture and storage of important chemical compounds used by the cell. |
| Nucleolus | the site of ribosome production within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. |
| Active transport | energy-requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient. |
| Concentration gradient | the process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area of higher number of particles to an area of lower number of particles. The areas are typically separated by a membrane. |
| Mitochondria | membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell. |
| Glucose molecule | is an important carbohydrate and essential for the production of ATP, or the molecule of energy in the body. |
| Phosphate bond | acid anhydride linkages formed by taking phosphoric acid derivatives and dehydrating them. |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | energy-carrying biological molecule, which, when broken down, drives cellular activities. |
| Ion | atom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons. |
Created by:
sstall
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