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Fungus
Microbiology Chapter 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of fungi is referred to as? | mycology |
| Fungi that use organic compounds as a carbon source are called? | heterotropic |
| Fungi that obtain nutrients by decomposing dead organic matter are? | saprophytes |
| fungi that do not use light as an energy source are? | nonphototropic |
| fungi that take up nutrients in solution are? | absorptive |
| The individual filaments of the interconnected branches of fungi are called? | hyphae |
| The only fungi that does not have an interconnected branching system is? | yeasts |
| a branching set of hyphae is called a? | myccilium |
| fungi that are single celled organisms? | yeasts |
| fungi that are filamentous organisms are? | molds |
| fungi that are organisms that come together to form large, fruiting structures are? | fleshy fungi |
| lower fungi that are water molds with uniflagellated spongiospores and gametes are called? | chytridiomycetes |
| Lower Fungi that are water molds with biflagellate spongiospores and male gametes, nonmotile female gametes and sexual spores are called? | oomycetes |
| Lower Fungi that are terrestrial fungi with nonmotile spongiospores and zygospores--several general parasitize weakened human patients--are called | zygomycetes |
| A fungi is considered a ____? if the mycelia present are coenocytic. | Lower Fungi |
| a fungi is considered a ____? if the mycelia present are septate . | Higher Fungi |
| igher fungi that have ascospores formed in an ascus (sac)--some parasitic on plants or animals-- are called? | Ascomycetes |
| Higher Fungi that have basidiospores formed on a club shaped basidium--some are parasitic on plants or animals-- are called? | Basidiomycetes |
| Higher Fungi that lack sexual spores--some are parasitic on plants or animals--are called? | Deuteromycetes |
| Fungi that can switch between growing as a single celled yeast and a mycelium have a condition that is called? | dimorphism--meaning two shapes |
| Fungi are grown on what type of agar? | Sabourand agar |
| How is Sabourand agar different from regular agar? | has extra glucose as well as a more acidic environment |
| Fungi cause many ?? diseases. | plant |
| Fungi cause a relatively small number of ? diseases. | human |
| What is the pathogen of cryptococcosis and how is it transmitted? | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| what are characteristics of cryptococcosis? | f inhaled into lungs, causes only mild respiratory infection. |
| what could a person with a compromised immune system acquire ffrom exposure to cryptococcosis? | cryptococcal meningitis--as it ias spread to the CNS. AIDS patients highly susceptible. |
| Where is cryptococcosis found? | in soil and bird droppings, especially pigeons. |
| how is cryptococcosis treated? | Amphotercin B |
| What is the pathogen of Candidiasis? | Candida albicans |
| Candida albicans are considered to be what kind of pathogens? | opportunistic |
| Candida albicans thrive in what type of environment? | warm and moist |
| Candida albicans are found where in almost every human being? | on the skin, mucous membranes andin the GI tract. |
| Factors which predispose one to contracting Candidiasis are? | pregnancy, birth control, diabetes, and antibiotic therapy |
| The most common sites for a Candidiasis infection are? | vagina, mouth, and diaper area of infants |
| Candidiasis of the mouth is called? | thrush |
| Candidiasis of the vagina is called? | Candida vaginitis |
| Treatment of Candidiasis is? | miconazole and clotrimazole for superficial candidiasis |
| The general name for fungal infections of the hair, skin and nails is? | dermatomycosis |
| the fungi that cause dermatomycosis produce enzymes that digest ? | keratin |
| The medical names for dermatomycosis infections use two words. ? followed by the name of the affected region. | tinea |
| athletes foot is called? | tinea pedis |
| groin or jock itch is called | tinea cruris |
| dermatomycosis of the scalp is called | tinea capitis |
| dermatomycosis of the nails is called | tinea unguinum |
| dermatomycosis of any other part of the body except for feet, groin, scalp, or nails is called? | tinea corporis |
| treatment for fungal infection are superficial and most can be cured using topical agents such as? | miconazole-micatin, tolnaftate-tinactin, undecylenic acis-Desenex |
| Micatin is ? | miconazole |
| Tinactin is? | tolnaftate |
| Desenex is ? | undeclyenic acid |
| Fungal infctions that affect scalp and nails sometimes do not repsond well to topical therapy, and are treated orally with? | griseofulvin |
| The pathogen of histoplasmosis is? | Histoplasma capsulatum |
| histoplasmosis is trasmitted by? | inhalation of spores in dry, dusty contaminated soil |
| histoplasmosis is the most common ________ caused by a fungus? | respiratory disease |
| Histoplasma capsulatum is a ____ fungus. | dimorphic |
| Histoplasma capsulatum can grow as a _____ above 35 C and produces ______ below that temperature | yeast, mycelia |
| 35 C is equivlent to what degree in farenheit? | 95 |
| Histoplasma capsulatum is found in soil where _____or______dropping are plentiful. | bat, bird |
| people can become infected with histoplasmosis by exploring_______. | caves |
| pople can become infected with histoplasmosis when they clean__________. | chicken coops |
| people can become infected with histoplasmosis when they enter_______ , _______ or other bird roosting areas. | attics, barns |
| histoplasmosis occurs worldwide. In the US it occurs mostly in the ?? | Ohio-Mississippi River Valley. |
| About _____% of the long term residents in the Ohio-Mississippi River Valley have been infected by histoplasmosis at some time. | 80% |
| Histoplasmosis is treated by? | amphotericin B |
| What is the pathogen for Blastomycosis? | Blastomyces dermatitidis |
| Blastomycosis is transmitted by__________ and ________ | dusty soil and bird droppings |
| Blastomycosis symptoms start in the lungs, and appear as pulmonary _____? | TB |
| Blastomycosis symplotms include _____ and _____ | cough and chest pain |
| Blastomycosis symptoms more often than not also affects? | the skin, bones and testes |
| Cutaneous Blastomycosis causes raised _________ usually on exposed areas such as the face and hands | wartlike lesions |
| Treatment for Blastomycosis is_______? | self limiting in mild cases, amphotericin B for severe cases |
| Without treatment, systemic blastomycosis is _______ | fatal |
| What is the pathogen of coccidiodomycosis | Coccidioides immitis |
| coccidiodomycosis is transmitted by_______ | inhalation of spores in the dust into the lungs |
| Within the US, coccidiodomycosis is found where? | San Joaquin Valley of California, the southwest,parts of Mexico, and South America |
| What do the areas where coccidiodomycosis is found have in common? | wemiarid climate and alkaline soil |
| What is the treatment for coccidiodomycosis? | it is self limiting, in severe cases --amphotericin B |
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