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vocab chapter 1

TermDefinition
Stress The force that push and pull on the Earth 's crust causing it deformation.
Crust The surface layer of the Earth.
Deformation In geology, any change in the original shape or volume of rocks.
Compression The type of stress that squeezes rocks together.
Tension The type of stress that pulls rocks apart.
Shearing The type of stress that pushes rocks with the crust in two apposite, horizontal directions.
Fracture Break or crack.
Fault A break or crack along with rocks move.
Hanging Wall The block or rock above fault.
Foot Wall The block or rock below a fault.
Normal Fault A fault in which the hanging wall moves down relative to the foot wall.
Reverse Fault A fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the foot wall.
Thrust Fault A reverse in which the hanging wall slides over the foot wall.
Lateral Fault A fault along which the blocks move horizontally past each other.
Fault-block mountion A mountain formed by blocks of rock uplifted from normal fault.
Rift Vally A vally formed when the block land between two normal fault slides downward.
Fold A bend in rock.
Anticline An upward fold in a rock.
Syncline A downward fold in a rock.
Plateau A large area of flat land that is raised high above sea level and that consist of horizontal rock layers.
Dome A raised area shaped roughly like the top half of a sphere, often formed by magma pushing upward on the rock layers above it.
Mantle The layer of the earth that extends from the bottom of the crust to the core.
Isostasy The balancing of the downward force of the crust and the upward force of the mantle.
Created by: Alexis Taylor
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