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Chapter 11

DNA and the Language of Life

QuestionAnswer
Friedrich Miescher 1st discovered DNA in WBCs from wounded soldiers
Frederick Griffith British; first discovered transformation in heat killed bacteria
Nucleotide Building block of DNA molecule
Hydrogen Bonds Holds two strandsof DNA together; connects base pairs
Oswald Avery Showed (in vitro) DNA=T.P.
Hershey and Chase Proved phage DNA injected into host (used radioactive S & P isotypes)
Nitrogen Bases Order of these makese us unique
Thomas Morgan Studied gene function & location by crossing many mutant flies
Bacteriophage A virus that infects bacteria
Adenine and Guanine Purine nitrogen bases; contain couble ring
Period One complete turn of DNA
Deoxyribose Pentose sugar in DNA missing oxygen on #2 carbon
Antiparallel Two DNA strands join in opposite directions (3' end with 5' end)
Sugar-Phosphate Forms repeating backbone of DNA molecule (same for all)
34 Angstroms Distance of one complete turn of DNA
Double Helix Winding, two strand arrangement of DNA (base pairs=rungs)
DNA Main molecule of Heredity (double stranded nucleic Acid)
DNA ligase Enzyme connects nucleotides during DNA replication
Erwin Chargoff Discovered base pairing rules (A+G)=(T+C) for all species
Virus Small ineffective piece of DNA or RNA; wrapped in protien coat
Semi-Conservative Replication Nature of DNA replication (ie. one "old" + one "new"
Sutton Developed Chromosomal theory of inheritance (genes on chromosomes)
6x10 # of nitrogen bases in each human cell (46 chromosomes)
Cytosine & Thymine Pyrimidine nitrogen bases; contain a single ring
Rosalind Franklin Took X-rays of DNA; data for Watson and Crick
Watson and Crick Developed double helix model of DNA; complementary BP
3.4 Angstroms Distance between successive base pairs
DNA polymerase Enzyme that creates new DNA strand from old template
Created by: loveabeth
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